Hello everyone, welcome back to a new video
In today's video, we are going to do a concept of profit
and loss
We are going to do a concept of profit and loss, that is
our discount concept
What is a discount?
You all must be knowing that you must have done shopping
You must have done some purchase in your life Or you must
have seen someone doing it, of course
So, in that purchase, if you get any relaxation of 10, 15
rupees or any amount of rupees
Then what happens? You get a discount
That is the discount that you are getting
On MRP or on market price or on market rate, whatever is
written for that thing
On that, you get additional off, that is your discount
Now, on what do we calculate the discount?
For example, when we were doing profit and loss
Then we had studied two things on that, that is cost price
and selling price
What is there in this one?
One is your cost price
Cost price, that is, in how much the shopkeeper has taken
from behind Means, in wholesale, the cost that he must have
taken
That was called cost price
And selling price, in how much he has sold to the client or
customer
That was selling price
But in this one, you get a new term in discount
That is marked price
What is marked price?
Marked price is denoted by MP
Like cost price is CP and SP is selling price
Similarly, this MP is marked price
It is your marked price
Or you can say it is your market price Marked price, market
price, whatever you call it, it is the same So, what is
marked price?
Like you have taken something from behind from the
shopkeeper
That has become its cost price
First of all, he purchased something at a particular cost
And then he made his shop
And whatever he brought in wholesale, he is selling those
things
So, when he will sell, he will put a tag on it
He will put a tag of this thing
Suppose you are getting this thing for this price
He put a tag
Let us suppose he put it
That you are getting it for Rs.100 What is its marked price?
Rs.100 Whatever is written in its tag
Or what is written on it
That you are getting it for Rs.100 That would be your
marked price
Now, if a festival comes
Or some festival comes
Or some good day comes
When they increase their sale
Or to gain more customers
To attract more customers
What they did? They put a sale or a discount So, they
turned it off
So, what they said?
What is 40% off? 40% off or 40% discount
Both are the same thing
So, you are getting a 40% discount So, if your marked price
was Rs.100
Marked price was Rs.100
And now they are giving you a discount of Rs.40
So, the final payment that the customer would have done
How much would that be?
Whatever the final payment that the customer would have done
The bill would have been paid
That would be your SP
Selling price
So, what will be the selling price? If you minus the
discount from Rs.100
Rs.100 was your marked price
So, first you will subtract 40% from the marked price
So, 40% of Rs.100 would be
Rs.40 You must have learnt this much in percentage
That 40% of Rs.100
Would be Rs.40 So, what you have to give?
From Rs.100
You have to give a discounted rate of Rs.40 less
As your bill Means The bill that you have purchased
How much you have to give?
Rs.100 minus Rs.40 That is Rs.60 So, at this point
This will be your selling price
So, this will be your selling price Now, look at the cost
price
Means The whole sum That he has purchased
Let us suppose that he has purchased At the cost of Rs.60
At the cost of Rs.60
And now
What is he doing?
He has given a marked price of Rs.100
Obviously, if he wants to get
Benefit or profit What will he do in his business? He will
sell more than
What he has purchased
To get
To get profit Otherwise, there will be loss
So, who will want to sell?
Unless or until there is a problem So, at the cost price
What will be your mark price?
Mostly, means 99% Greater than the cost price
That will be your mark price
So, he purchased at Rs.60
He has given a marked price of Rs.100
So, he will get gain
Obviously, he is getting a gain of Rs.40
But now, if there is a sale He has given a discount of 40%
Then his selling price will be
Rs.60 only
So, the selling price is equal to the cost price
So, he did not get profit
But there is no loss
Because when you have a festival
You want more people to come
To visit your shop
To explore
To purchase from there
Then they will increase
The discount
So, these were your three points
Cost price, mark price and selling price You should know
the difference
And you should know what is it So, this was the introduction
Now, what will be the formula
Of discount?
The formula of discount will be
What I have written here
Whatever is the discount percentage
Subtract it
From the marked price
And then
Subtract it
From the marked price
Earlier, we had a 40% discount
Whose discount was that?
Marked price
Now, the kids get confused
What is this 40% discount?
What is the discount? 40% of what value?
So, whenever
We calculate the discount
We will calculate it
On the marked price
We will subtract the value
On the marked price
That is always 40%
Subtracted from the marked price
You don't have to take anything
From the cost price
In the case of discount
Because you will not subtract 40% of the cost price
You will have to subtract 40% of the marked price
That is what we use
In the discount So, let's see What is the formula of
discount?
The formula of discount What will be the discount? Whatever
is the marked price
If you
Subtract the selling price
Then you will get
Discounted rupees
That he did this much
But we have taken this much
Or sold
So, what will be the difference?
He will give you
Discount So, marked price minus
Selling price would be your
Discount You can denote it
Discount Then, if we take the profit
Cp minus Sp We have taken the discount
Similarly, we take the profit percentage
So, here
We will subtract Discount Percent 100% What will happen?
What you used to write in that?
Whatever was your profit or loss
Divided by Cp
Cost price
You used to refer to the cost price
In this, I have told you
In which reference you will refer to the discount?
Always in the reference of the marked price
So, what you will do?
Discount divided by
Marked price
Into 100%
So, whatever will be the answer?
It will give us the percentage
Of the discount
What is the percentage?
So, instead of d, you can replace it with
Mp minus Sp
That would also
Give you the discount
So, this formula will be
Discount percentage
Now, what we have?
Discount percentage
If we subtract
So, you have
The relation formula
Between the marked price and the selling price
In the chapter on
Cost price and selling price
In the chapter on profit and loss
Similarly, in this also there is a relation
In which?
In marked price and selling price
What is that relation?
That relation is
What will be the selling price?
The selling price will be
Marked price
Into 100
Minus Discount Divided by 100
Whatever is the discount percentage
You will get the discount
In percentage
Discount will be given in percentage
Let us suppose 20%, 10% If you are given a 5% discount,
then you can put the value of the discount here.
So, you will get 100-5 divided by 100.
And MP, marked price into marked price, will give you the
answer of selling price.
So, this is your one more main formula, i.e. relation
between marked price and selling price.
Next, we will move on to the next, which is your successive
discount.
It is not necessary that you are given only one percentage
of discount.
You can get one more discount on top of one discount.
Or even after that, you can get more discount.
For example, if you have given a percentage of your
bargaining, your known relatives are not malls, so you are
asking them for extra discount.
So, that comes under successive discount.
So, what is successive discount?
If you get one more discount after one, then that would be
your successive discount.
So, next formula would be for successive discount.
If you are given successive discount, i.e.
first discount, let us suppose, is given as D1%, second
discount is given as D2%, third discount is given as D3%,
you can get more discount later.
In general, we are talking about 3 now, you can take it for
later.
Then, how will we calculate this?
Then, what will be our mark? 100 minus D1 divided by 100.
It is same as we were doing 100 minus D.
100 minus D1 divided by 100.
Now, do the same with all three.
100 minus D2 divided by 100.
And 100 minus D3 divided by 100.
If it is 4, then take it 4 times.
And what is this?
Mark price is equal to selling price.
So, when we get successive discounts, i.e.
when we get more than one discount, then what formula will
we use?
Then we will use this formula.
But now, like I have written this formula for you,
I will also write a short formula for you.
You can also use that rather than this formula.
But, if you remember this formula, then it is well and good.
Otherwise, you can use that formula.
So, let us see one more case of this.
This was the relation between your mark price and selling
price.
When you have successive discounts.
But, if you want to calculate the overall discount, that
how much overall discount we are getting after getting all
these successive discounts, then what will be its formula?
If you want to calculate, you are given successive
discounts.
How many successive discounts are given?
D1%, D2%, and D3%.
You are given three successive discounts.
And you have to calculate their overall discount.
Overall.
Then, overall discount would be.
You don't have to do anything.
The last formula that you did, you have to keep these three
brackets in mind.
Let us keep these three brackets in mind.
That was our 100-D1 divided by 100.
100-D2 divided by 100.
And 100-D3 divided by 100.
You will multiply this.
You are taking percentage from 100.
And then, the answer that you get, subtract it from 100.
This formula will be of your overall discount.
When you are given successive discounts, 2, 3, and so on.
When you are given successive discounts, if you want to
take a final overall discount, that you got the most
discount, then you will get the overall discount from this
formula.
Okay? Now, the shortcut that I was telling you, the formula
that you have to remember, then you don't have to remember
this one and the previous formula. That is, if you are
given.
Should I write it here? Okay, I will write it here.
If you are given successive discounts, but, Special case.
If you are given successive discounts, but only two are
given, D1 and D2. D1 and D2.
Percentage is given.
Only two.
We are talking about two successive discounts.
Then what will be the formula?
Then its overall discount.
Then your overall discount would be.
What to do?
Simply add both D1 and D2.
Then multiply them.
Divide it by 100 and put a sign in the middle of minus.
This would be your overall discount for two successive
discounts.
When you are given two successive discounts.
Only then.
You cannot do this for three.
D1, D2, D3.
Not now.
Now, if you are given only two successive discounts.
Then how will you do?
But you will say,
Ma'am, you said, don't remember this, do this.
So, if you have three, how will you do?
So, don't worry.
First, you solve this with the first two.
And take it out.
So, one overall discount will come out of it.
You give it a name.
Let us suppose D.
Then again apply the same formula.
But instead for D1 and D2.
Now, use this formula for D.
This overall discount which came first, D.
And third discount, D3.
Then you use it for that.
So, you will get that too.
Means, you can take it out for three.
What will happen in that?
You will have to use this formula twice.
Otherwise, you can remember this formula.
If you have a lot of memory, you can remember this formula.
Well and good.
Otherwise, you can use this formula too.
Because, what we want is,
If the concept is more and the formula is less.
Then it will be better.
Because, if so many formulas are not remembered suddenly.
Then, the main formula is this.
So, remember this formula.
Okay.
Now, moving on to next thing.
What is next thing?
Next thing is, we calculate the ratio.
What is the ratio of mark price and cost price?
When? When are we calculating the ratio? We are calculating
the ratio of mark price and cost price.
If you are given,
What is this case?
If you are given,
That you had some mark price, MP.
And CP, means cost price.
On which your shopkeeper has bought that thing.
But, he is giving some discount.
And after that discount, what is he getting? He is getting
profit.
Or he is getting loss.
Either he can go for profit or loss.
So, let us suppose,
Shopkeeper is getting 8%.
Either it can be profit.
Or it can be loss.
There are only two cases.
Profit or loss.
So, first we will take profit and then we will see loss.
So, first we will see profit.
He is getting 8% profit.
And after giving,
When is he getting this profit?
When he is giving discount.
After giving,
D% discount.
Even after giving D% discount,
What is he getting?
He is getting 8% profit.
So, what will be the formula for this?
This will be your hand rate.
Now, if there is a profit,
We will add something in hand rate.
So, in hand rate, we will add profit percentage.
Divided by what will happen?
Cost per hand rate.
If you subtract discount rate from hand rate,
Then it will be.
So, hand rate plus R divided by hand rate minus discount
percentage.
D.
So, what will it give you?
Mp by Cp.
Now, if this is your first case,
And who will be your second case?
You are getting 8% loss.
After giving,
D% discount.
So, it will be the same.
Now, instead of hand rate plus R,
What will happen?
Because there is a loss.
So, instead of hand rate minus R,
Here, it will be the same.
That would remain the same.
So, this formula is Mp by Cp.
This would be 100 minus R upon 100 minus R.
This is the formula.
Now, let's do some questions on the basis of this.
There are very easy questions.
There are no such tough questions in this.
So, let's see what the questions are.
See the question.
Solution.
Read it.
Try it once.
Pause the video and remember the formula.
Then read it and see what is applied.
Then resume the video.
This is the question.
A plate was sold for Rs. 6300.
How much is sold for a plate? After giving two successive
discounts, i.e., 12, 1 by 2 percent and 10 percent.
A plate was sold for Rs. 6300.
What is the result of this? This is the selling price.
How much is the selling price?
Rs. 6300.
After giving two successive discounts, i.e., 12, 1 by 2
percent.
How much is the conversion? 25 by 2. That would be Rs. 12.5.
What does half mean?
I can convert it to 12.5 percent.
Second discount is 10 percent.
Then find the marked price.
What is the relation between the marked price and the
selling price?
Marked price is 100 minus D1.
100 times 100 minus D2.
100 times 100 is equal to selling price.
This was the relation between the marked price and the
selling price.
Now add the values of D1 and D2.
This is the first method.
The second method is D1 plus D2 minus D1 D2.
Let us see how this method is applied.
I hope you will be able to find the answer.
D1 plus D2 is equal to D1 plus D2 minus D1 D2 by 100.
This will give you the overall discount.
Overall discount D is equal to D1 plus D2 minus D1 D2 by
100.
If we cancel out D1 plus D2 minus D1 D2 by 100,
D1 plus D2 minus D1 D2 by 100 is equal to D1 plus D2 minus
D1 D2 by 100.
How can we write D1 plus D2 minus D1 D2 by 100 in decimal?
This would be 1.25.
If we divide D1 plus D2 minus D2 by 100 in decimal, we will
get 1.25.
So, 22.5 plus 5.73 is equal to 23.75.
Sorry, you don't have to do that.
You don't have to do plus. You have to subtract.
Subtract it.
What will be the discount?
What was your relation in that?
SP is equal to MP.
100 minus D divided by 100.
What was this D? D percentage.
That is your 21.25.
So, you solve this.
Where should I solve?
Let's see on next page.
Let's put values first.
SP is your MP.
100 minus D divided by 100.
D is your value.
21.25.
SP is your 6300.
6300 and 21.25.
So, you subtract 63.
Where will 63 go? 6300 is equal to MP.
21.25 minus 100.
100 minus 21.25.
75.
9.
8.
78.
78.75.
Divided by 100.
So, you solve.
Take all these things for my price.
This would be your 63 into 100 divided by 7875.
Subtract decimal.
So, 2 zeros are there.
Solve it.
Let's see from 5.
5 1, 25 5, 35 7, 25 5.
This would be 5 1, 5 2, 36 0.
Again, cancel it by 5 3.
5 3, 1, 25 5, 2, 26, 25 5, 10, 2.
Again, from 3, 8, 12, 4, 1, 0, 15, 5.
Again, 5 21.
Subtract 20.
7 3, 7 1, 2, 3 1, 4.
4, 20, 100.
4, 2, 80, 200.
That is 8000.
Your mark price is 8000.
So, your selling price is 6300.
Obviously, selling price is less because you are giving
discount of 21.25%.
So, what will happen to mark price? Selling price will
always be less if there is a discount.
So, this would be your answer.
Let's see the next question.
What is the next question?
A shopkeeper marks his good price 20% higher than the CP.
This is his mark price.
And allows a discount of 5%.
He is allowing a 5% discount.
The profit percentage is?
What is asked from us?
Profit percentage.
So, let's make it a little simple.
Let me tell you according to the paper.
We are given the percentage.
No one is giving any value.
So, let's make it simple.
Let's assume that CP is Rs.100.
Cost price is Rs.100.
Now, what is the shopkeeper doing?
He is marking his good price 20% higher than the CP.
So, what will happen to 20% of this?
So, what will happen to your mark price?
Mark price is Rs.20.
Add 20% to 100.
Because 20% is going higher.
So, 100 plus 20% of 100 would be Rs.20.
So, Rs.100 plus 20 will be Rs.120.
What will happen to Rs.120?
Mark price.
And allows a discount.
What is your discount? 5%.
If you have a 5% discount.
Then what will be your selling price?
So, you are asked about the profit percentage.
So, obviously you should have a selling price for the
profit percentage.
Only then you will be able to see the profit.
So, what will be your selling price?
If you subtract 5% of 120 from 120, then we get 5% of
marked price.
Marked price is 120.
So, 5 by 100 into 120.
0's to 0 cancel.
5 ones are 2's are 1's are 6's are.
So, what do you get? 120 divided by 6.
That is, you are getting 6 rupees discount.
6 rupees is your discount.
This is your discount.
P6.
This is your discount.
So, what will be the selling price? If you subtract
discount from marked price, then you will get selling price.
So, marked price was 120.
And you will subtract discounted rupees from it.
6 rupees.
So, how much is rupees? 114.
120 minus 6 is 114.
So, 114 is your selling price.
Now, you have to find profit percentage.
How will you find profit percentage?
What is profit? If you subtract selling price from cost
price, then you will get profit.
If profit is this much, then you will get profit
percentage. So, what is profit percentage?
First, we will find profit.
How much is profit?
SP minus CP.
So, how much is this?
SP minus CP is 14.
And what will we do?
Divide by 100.
We always divide by CP for profit percentage.
So, we have CP as 100.
And we have to find percentage.
So, we will do into 100.
Do you remember this formula?
Profit upon CP into 100.
So, what is profit?
SP minus CP.
So, 100 minus 100 is cancelled.
SP minus CP is 14.
So, this is your profit percentage.
So, how much is your profit percentage? 14%.
Now, in this question, we did not use any extra formula. We
used only the formula which we know in our day to day life.
What is profit percentage?
What is discount?
We should know this.
We did not use any extra or additional formula.
So, it is easy to question in this way if your concept is
correct.
This is easy and less time taking.
And there is no hassle of using formula.
That is also a plus point.
So, do as you can.
Read this.
This question says,
The marked price of a chair was Rs. 12,800.
How much is the marked price?
We keep on writing.
Rs. 12,800.
This is your marked price.
The shopkeeper was offering it for a discount of 20%.
He is giving 20% discount.
But, on further bargaining, he agreed to offer a successive
discount.
What did he do?
He made a bargaining.
So, he gave one more successive discount.
His first discount was D1.
That is 20%.
He also offered D2.
Its value is not known yet.
And finally, he sold the chair for Rs. 9216.
Sold means its selling price.
That is Rs. 9216.
What was the second discount?
Obviously, they are asking the value of D2.
Find out the percentage of D2.
Now, look at this.
MP, SP and D1 and D2 are formulas.
These terms are being used.
What did you do related to this?
I told you a special case.
In which D1 plus D2 minus D1 D2 divided by 100.
That formula.
But, in that case,
D2 is being used twice.
In D1 plus D2 and in multiplication.
So, you have to put the value of unknown twice.
So, it is better to use the formula of putting once.
So, here you can use the formula.
Which was MP, 100 minus D1 upon 100.
100 minus D2 by 100.
I am not stopping you from using that formula.
If you are able to remember that formula in the paper.
If you are not able to remember this formula.
Then obviously, go for that.
But, in that case, the calculation will be a little more.
In this case, D2 is being used in one place.
That is why I am using this formula for this question.
What is the value of SP?
I will put the values in this.
So, that I don't have to go to the next page.
That is 12,800.
D1 is your discount, 20%.
So, 100 minus 20 would be your 80%.
Then, 100 minus D2.
D2 is unknown to you.
And, SP is 9216.
This is your 9216.
Let's solve.
How to solve?
First, let's cancel 00.
So, I will erase it.
And, cut one zero of 80.
So, erase this also.
Let's solve on the new page.
So, that there is no confusion.
Let's see.
Let's cut this first.
Let's try to cut this from 8.
8, one zero.
Then, you have 12 left.
8, one zero.
8, then 41, 45.
5 zero, 1, 16, 2 zero.
This is cut from 8.
Then, you will cancel out from this.
Then, cut from 2.
5 zero, 10, 15, 7 zero.
And, 12, 6 zero.
This would be your 64.
Then, cut from 4.
4, 1 zero, 24, 6 zero.
4, 1 zero.
4, that would be your 16, 4 zero.
And, 16, 4 zero.
16, 4, 4 zero.
4, 3 zero.
And, 24, 6 zero.
4, 1 zero.
And, 4, 9 zero.
So, what is this? 100 minus D2 is equal to 9.
This 100 is multiplied here.
That would be your, sorry.
This was not 100.
This 10 was cancelled out.
We cancelled out from 80.
So, this is 90.
100 minus D2.
So, 90 is here.
D2 is there.
So, D2 is equal to 10.
D2 is your percentage.
So, what is this?
The second discount of the shopkeeper is 10%.
So, what is this formula?
Try this formula once.
If you have time to calculate.
Then, you can use this formula.
Now, moving on to the next question.
Last question of this video.
See, the marked price of an article is 500.
A shopkeeper gives a discount of 5%.
What is the discount?
Discount is your 5%.
And still makes a profit of 25%.
Find the cost price.
First of all, try to understand.
What is the formula used here?
What is given and what is asked?
So, we have MP, discount and profit.
We have been asked about the cost price.
So, the relation between MP and cost price.
We have studied it from the same formula.
That was your ratio formula.
Which was MP divided by CP.
In that, you were using both discount and profit.
So, let's use that formula.
MP divided by CP is equal to 100.
Now, this is profit.
So, plus profit percentage.
That is 25.
And 100 minus discount is 5%.
So, this is your value.
125 divided by 95.
And here, you have given 500.
So, put 500.
So, here I put 500 instead of MP.
Solve it.
What will we do?
Let's see the cancel out.
So, this is 5.
If we do like this.
5 100, sorry 25, 5 and 25, 20.
This, then 5 1's and 5 4's.
So, what is this? 5 1's and 5 4's.
So, what is this? Cp, Cp will go there.
So, this will be 95 into, what is this? 95 into 4, 20, 36,
38.
So, the cost price will be Rs.
380. So, in this way, we have asked questions on the basis
of these formulas.
So, these were the questions of the previous year.
And, keep practicing these questions and formulas.
We will meet in the next video.
Thank you for watching the video.