Hello everyone, welcome back to a new video.
Today's video we will start with a fresh topic that is
profit and loss topic.
You must have read this in school and it is very useful in
your day to day life.
Whenever you purchase something or sell something, you
either get profit from it, means you earn some money, or
you get loss from it.
So in today's chapter, we will understand what is profit,
when it happens and what is loss.
And when it happens, in which condition we call it loss.
So let us suppose, first of all we are talking about
purchasing.
So let us suppose that you bought a shirt for yourself.
Then you brought that shirt home and what happened to you?
One of your friends liked that shirt and he asked you to
give it to him.
Even if you take 10-20 rupees extra, but give it to him
because he likes it.
So you also think that if I am getting extra profit from
this, he is ready to give me extra.
So let me sell this shirt to him.
So you sold this shirt to him for extra money.
Let us suppose that you bought that shirt for 1000 rupees.
Your neighbor asked for that shirt and you gave it to them
in rupees.
What did you give them? You gave them in rupees 1200.
Because they said that I will give you 10-20 extra because
you also have spent money on petrol.
So what did you do? You said that I am getting extra profit
from this, I will buy another shirt some other time.
So you gave them in rupees 1200.
So now what happened? You sold the shirt that you bought
for 1000 rupees.
What did you do? You sold it indirectly.
So the amount of money that you had purchased, what was
that?
That is your cost price.
Means the amount of money that you had spent on this shirt.
Means the money that you have spent on this shirt.
Then when you sold it to your neighbor, how much did you
sell it for?
You sold it for 1200 rupees.
So this is the selling price for this shirt.
The amount of money that you have spent on this shirt.
That would be a selling price.
So the cost price is the amount of money that you have
spent on this shirt.
And the amount of money that you have spent on this shirt.
That would be the selling price.
Now let's take another scenario.
This time your neighbor has not asked for this shirt.
Your friend has asked for this shirt.
Now if your friend asks for this shirt.
Then obviously he will say that you are my friend, give me
less.
What happened?
This is how it works in friendship.
So what did he do?
You gave him less.
You said that I have bought it for 1000 rupees.
You take it from me for 800 rupees.
So he gave it to him for less price.
So the cost price is still the same.
That he took the shirt for 1000 rupees.
And he sold it to his friend.
How much did he sell it for? For 800 rupees.
So in this case the selling price of this shirt is 800
rupees.
Now if you see in general.
He had invested 1000 rupees on this shirt.
And he gave it to his neighbor for 1200 rupees.
So what did he get from this? He got extra 200 rupees.
This is his profit.
Extra money means whatever you have invested.
Or whatever you have purchased.
If you are getting a higher rate from that.
So obviously what is happening in that? You are getting
profit.
If you leave all this, leave the extra things.
If you start paying rent, pay the fare.
Not that.
Apart from that, if we talk about rate to rate.
So what is happening to him here?
He is getting profit.
What is happening to him in this case?
He is getting a profit in this case.
And how much is the profit? 200 rupees.
How do we know that?
Whatever is the selling price.
Which is higher in rupees.
If you subtract the cost price from that.
You will get the profit.
You can call it profit.
Or you can call it gain.
So he is getting gain in this case.
So what is the formula of gain and profit?
Selling price.
I denote selling price with SP.
Minus the cost price.
I denote the cost price with CP.
So what is your gain or profit in this case?
That is your selling price minus cost price.
Now look at the case of gain.
In the case of gain, we always have.
What will be the selling price with cost price?
It will always be higher.
That is why he is able to gain.
He is able to profit.
When the selling price is higher.
Now look at the case of friend.
In the case of friend, he is getting a loss of 200 rupees.
Because he had invested 1000 rupees in that shirt.
But he got 800 rupees in return.
Instead of that, he got 800 rupees.
So in this case, we will have a loss.
This is the case of loss.
And how much will be the loss?
That would be same.
Whatever is the higher amount.
Cost price minus selling price.
In this case, the selling price was higher.
That is why we were doing selling minus cost price.
In this case, our cost price is higher.
That is why we are doing cost price minus selling price.
This would be a formula for loss.
So what is greater in this?
When the cost price is higher than the selling price.
Then what happens?
In that case, we face a loss.
That is, we face a loss in that case.
So this is how you normally explain.
What is cost price?
What is selling price?
What is gain?
And what is loss?
I hope you have understood these four terms.
So let us write it down.
Gain or profit.
In this case,
Cost price is less than selling price.
That is, selling price is higher.
That is why we get gain.
So this is the formula.
SP minus CP.
Similarly, loss.
What happens in loss?
Cost price is greater than selling price.
So this is cost price minus selling price.
This is our loss.
Now, when we talk, it is not necessary that you tell the
exact value of cost price.
And then tell the loss, how much it was sold.
Or how much it was sold.
It is not necessary.
We cannot give such a big data.
So when we talk about data in layman terms, then what we
do, like if someone has a very big business, then he will
not tell the cost price and selling price of everything.
He will give us an overall view.
That how much profit you have got.
Or how much loss you have got.
So how will this work?
In gain percent or profit percent.
Or in loss percentage.
So how will we calculate gain percent or profit percent?
We have just done the percentage chapter.
In that, what did we divide by?
Who did we divide it with?
What was there in the divide below, that is, what was there
in the denominator, that was your whole term.
Whatever is the complete value of that thing.
And how much is used or needed from it, that was there in
the numerator.
In 200 percentage, whatever we used to do, to calculate the
percentage.
Similarly, we will calculate profit percent.
Profit percent or gain percent.
What will we get?
Whatever profit we have got.
First we will calculate how much profit or gain we have got.
Then profit will come up.
And what will come down?
We have to see the total thing.
So what is the total thing in this?
The investment we have made by ourselves.
The amount we have invested in that thing.
So what will happen to us?
It will come to the total place.
So what will we have below?
Cost price, which we have filled from our pocket.
So profit upon cost price, it will give you a fraction.
We have to calculate the percentage, into 100 percent. So
whose formula will be this?
Profit percent.
That is profit upon cost price, into 100 percent. This will
give you the profit percent.
Similarly, loss percent.
What will be the loss percent?
How to calculate the percentage of loss? Obviously, loss
will come up.
The amount of loss we have got, divided by the profit
percent. Cost price. We will divide by cost price.
Because the total amount that we have charged on the basis
of which we are able to say that we will have a loss or
gain. First of all, we will check its cost price.
Then we will see its selling price.
But if this cost price goes out of our pocket, then divided
by that cost price into 100%.
This would be a formula for loss percent.
So, you should understand these two formulas.
First, how to calculate the profit and then how to
calculate the loss.
First thing is this.
Then if you ask about the percentage, then nothing much.
You have to divide it by cost price into 100%.
Your percent will be calculated.
Cost and loss percent.
Sorry, profit and loss percent will be calculated.
Next, if we see its formula.
Let me tell you one more thing.
Suppose you have been told that you have gained 8% profit
in a business.
Or you have gained 8%.
So, what does it mean?
If we have a CP, we have set a cost price.
So, let us take the cost price as Rs.100.
So, what should be the selling price?
If we have gained 8% profit, then if we subtract 8% from
the cost price, then we will get the selling price.
Because we have gained 8%.
So, if we add profit to the cost price,
How? See, the last formula was that profit is equal to
selling price minus the cost price.
So, if we do the opposite, if we subtract selling price
from this formula, then what will we get?
Profit plus cost price.
If we add profit to the cost price, then we will get the
selling price. So, this is the formula for subtracting the
selling price.
Similarly, if we have lost something, then we can subtract
the cost price. In terms of selling price, with the help of
selling price, and the loss percentage.
So, if the cost price is Rs.100, let us suppose that we are
taking the cost price as 100%. And now we have gained 8%.
So, in that we will say that the selling price will be 108%
of the cost price.
How? How did I write 108%?
First of all, the selling price that I said, that profit,
profit, add to what? Add to the cost price.
If we add profit to the cost price, then we will get the
selling price of that thing.
So, what is our profit? 8%.
That 8% which is said to be the profit, that 8% of what?
We must have told the percentage of something.
So, the profit that we get, 8% or the loss percentage, that
is in whose respect?
In the respect of the cost price.
That means, we will compare it with the loss or gain.
And we had divided it with that.
So, this profit which is 8%, that is 8% of the cost price.
So, this profit will be 8% of, whose 8%? 8% of the cost
price.
Plus, how much is the cost price of itself?
It is 100% of itself.
The cost price is the whole thing.
So, what is this? 100% of cost price.
Now, if we add both of them, then how much do we get in
total? 108% of cost price.
So, what is this?
What is the selling price?
So, we will have the profit percent plus the handed percent.
Because what is the handed percent?
It is the cost price.
If we look at the cost price in full percentage, then it is
the full handed percent.
The cost price is the whole term.
So, that will be the result.
So, what do we get from this?
If we are, whose case is it?
We are doing the case of profit.
So, what will be the selling price?
Let us suppose, we have got P percent profit.
So, our selling price will be
P percent plus handed percent of cost price.
Means, P, if we add P in handed, if we have got 50% profit,
then what will be the selling price? 150% of cost price.
The cost price will be 150.
So, similarly, if the next case is of loss, how much
percent loss we have got?
Let us suppose, we have got R percent loss.
If we have got R percent loss, then what will be the
selling price? 100 out of 100, 100 is total, minus the
loss, that is 100 minus
R percentage of cost price.
This will be our selling price in terms of loss.
How much will be the selling price in loss?
Did you understand? Do not think that this is a very new
formula.
This is indirectly related to those only.
The main formula that we have done, CP minus, that what is
the profit and what is the loss?
The formula is in the correlation of those only. So, you do
not have to remember anything as such.
You have to remember these formulas.
You should be the main.
Now, this chapter of profit and loss, is based on formulas
only.
There will be many formulas in this.
And those formulas are not tough at all.
You will read them once or twice, you will remember them.
Because they are based on our day to day life.
We need them sometimes.
You do shopping online.
How much shopping is going on?
In that, you see off, cost price, selling price.
You have to relate it to that.
You will remember these formulas very easily.
And nothing is impossible with practice.
So, you will be able to do it.
This is your gain and profit. Then, your next.
Next was not a formula as such.
It is indirectly that if you have been given a profit and
you are taking the selling price as 100%.
You are taking the cost price as 100%.
So, what can you say about the selling price?
Right? So, this is that.
If there is a profit, then obviously there will be a plus
in the selling price.
That means, it will be more than the cost price.
It will be sold in rupees.
Similarly, if there is a loss, then it will be sold in less
than the cost price. So, on that basis, you remember it.
The next main formula is that is if we have to find the
cost price or the selling price and what is given to us?
We have to find find There will be two cases of this. First
part, A part that find cost price and what will be B part?
Find selling price.
Find cost price and find selling price.
Then, there will be further sub categories.
What will be the A.1 category of A?
If what is given to you?
Find cost price and what is given to you?
Given Selling price is given and gain is given.
Gain and gain percentage
What is given to you?
Gain percentage that is profit percentage is given.
So, how will you find?
In this, what will be the formula of cost price?
Formula of cost price will be 100 divided by 100 is gain
plus gain percentage
Here, what you will put
Suppose, if your gain is 5 percentage, then you will not
put 5 percentage value here.
You will put 100 plus 5.
Because, we are finding cost price.
That will not be in percentage.
So, you have to put value from this.
You don't have to put percentage sign.
And, what is given into?
SP is given.
So, into SP.
So, this is the formula to find cost price when selling
price is given. price and gain percentage is given, next
case is same, selling price is given and this time you have
loss, so you are given loss percentage, so what you have to
do is, instead of
gain percentage, you have loss percentage and loss is
there, so loss should be less than 100, so we will minus
loss percentage from 100, so cost price will be 100 divided
by 100 minus loss percentage into selling price, this is
done, when you are given
selling price and gain percentage is given, so how will you
find out cost price, similarly you have selling price, then
you will have two cases, what you are given, B1 part is
given, cost price and gain percentage, second case will be
B2 part, that is
given cost price and loss percentage, so SP formula will be
opposite, below it was plus and above it was 100, in this,
above will be plus or minus and below will be divided by
100, so what will be the cost price, in this selling price
is equal to 100
plus gain percentage divided by 100 into cost price, in
this selling price is given, so into selling price, in this
cost price is given, so into cost price, and in next case,
here it is plus, so here it will be minus, 100 minus loss
percentage divided
by 100 into, got it, this is nothing, this is the same
formula, if you see indirectly, which I have just made you
do, which I have just made you do last, if you have loss,
if you have loss percentage given, so what will you do in
CP, in CP you will minus
that loss percentage, 100 minus will be the loss
percentage, so see we have done the same, 100 minus is the
loss percentage, so if we have 10 percent loss, so what
will be the SP, 90 percent of CP, if you have, wait I will
tell you, if you have what,
if you have loss, I am telling this case B2, if you have
loss of 10 percent and what will be your SP, SP will be 100
minus 10 percent of CP, so what will be that, 100 minus 10
percent of CP, this will be, that is 90 percent of CP, now
if you will put
the sign of percentage, then you will divide by 100, so
here it is written divide by 100, so SP will be that, so
all these are from the same formula, and formula is there,
and nothing else is there, okay, so next we will do, let us
see some questions,
what all questions are there, see this question, read the
question once, a lady sells 60 meter cloth, how many meter
cloth she is selling, 60 meter cloth, and gains selling
price of 40 meter cloth, and what is the gain, 40 percent,
as much as the
selling price of 40 meter cloth, so she has sold 60 meter
cloth, she has sold this, so it will have some pricing, let
us suppose it is, let us assume 600, it is 600, okay, now
she has gained, what she has gained is 40 meter, as much as
40 percent, 40
meter cloth has been sold, in how much money, that has been
sold, that much she has gained, let us suppose, if the
selling price of 60 meter cloth is 600, then how much will
be 40 meter,
divide it by 40 meter, then it will be 40 meter, 400
rupees, how, 600 divided by 60, multiply it by 40, so it
will be 400 rupees, so this is the selling price of 40
meter, what is this, this will be your gain, because we
have been given, that is our gain,
as much, means if she has sold all this, 60 meter, so this
is her gain, 400 rupees, so it has been asked, find the
gain percent, so we have to find the gain percent, now to
find the gain percent, what do we need, recall the formula
of gain percent once,
recall, what was the formula of gain percent, gain divided
by Cp into 100, so what do we need, for gain percent, one
we need gain, and second what do we need, cost price, we
need these two, to find the gain percentage, so let us take
out these two, so
what should we do, let the selling price of 1 meter, as I
have taken here, let the selling price of 1 meter cloth be
rupees, rupees x, rupees x, let us take x rupees, 1 meter
cloth's selling price, so what will be the selling price of
60 meter, selling
price of 60 meter cloth would be rupees 60 x, and 40 meter,
40 meter's selling price, selling price of 40 meter would
be rupees 40 x, right, we have to multiply with 1, if 1
meter is in 10 rupees, then how much will be 40 meter, 10 x
40, so in the same
way, we have done this, that 60 meter's selling price is
60, and 40 meter's is 40, now our gain, the gain we have is
this, so our gain is 40 percent, our gain is 40 x, sorry,
40 x is our gain, now what is gain, apply the formula of
gain, gain is equal
to selling price minus cost price, then only gain will be
there, now what is the selling price, selling price of 60
meter cloth and cost price of 60 meter cloth, so what is
this, we have gain, gain is, selling price of 60 meter, so
I will write 60 here,
and cost price of 60 meter, so selling price of 60 meter is
60 x minus cost price, we do not know that, and what is the
gain, gain we have is 40 x, 40 x is gain, so from this cost
price will come out, what is the cost price, from this we
have 60 minus
40 that is 20 x, so what is the cost price, rupees 20 x,
cost price came, gain came, gain percentage will come out,
so what is the gain percentage, gain percentage, that would
be gain upon cp into 100 percent, so gain we have 40 x, cp
we have 20 x into
100 percentage, x to x cancel, 2 to 2, so what we have, we
have this, so what is the gain percentage, 200 percent, now
this 200 percent, how it is coming, more than 200, because
you see, if your cost price, suppose x we cancel out, cost
price if you have
20 rupees, you have taken something in 20 rupees, and that
you have sold in rupees 60, so what is your gain, 40 rupees
and 40 rupees is 20 rupees, double.
So, the gain percentage is double of the cost price.
When the cost price is 100%, then the gain percentage will
be 200%.
So, the gain percentage is 200%.
This lady has a silver spoon in her mouth.
Because the gain percentage is not that much.
So, this is how the question is made.
Next question.
That is this one.
Read the question.
What is said in the question? In the question, it is said
that By selling an item for Rs.
You have sold an item for Rs. 540.
That means, the selling price is Rs. 540.
He gains 8%.
So, what is the gain percentage?
The gain percentage is 8%.
The selling price is 8%.
So, you can calculate the cost price from this.
Obviously, you can.
The formula that we have done just now.
The formula that we have made as a category chart.
The loss percentage if he sells it for Rs. 450.
We have to calculate the loss percentage.
If he sells it for Rs. 450 instead of Rs. 540.
Then what is the loss percentage?
This is the question.
If he sells it for Rs. 450 instead of Rs. 540.
Obviously, there will be a loss.
Because he sold it for Rs. 540.
That is why he was gaining.
So, if he sells it for less, The gain can be less.
If the loss percentage is given,
Then there will be a loss.
Or there can be a gain.
So, when the selling price is this much.
Then ask the loss percentage.
How much will be the loss percentage? When this case will
take place.
So, first of all, what do you calculate?
Calculate the cost price.
The cost price will be known.
At what level did he buy it? Then we will see that
Is it more or less than the cost price?
Obviously, it will be more.
Because the loss percentage is asked.
Solve it.
Which formula will be used in this? SP is equal to 100 plus
gain percentage.
So, 100 plus gain percentage.
Only the percent value is left.
That is 8.
Upon 100.
Because if we remove the percentage sign.
Then 100 will be there.
And CP.
So, CP.
So, this is already given.
540.
Write 540 here.
Sorry, I have put this one.
You could have put that one also.
This will be opposite.
Put CP on this side.
Take the rest on this side.
So, 540.
Selling price is equal to 108 divided by 100.
Into cost price.
So, what is the cost price?
Cancel this out.
How much is the cost price? 3.
3 is 9.
18 is 6.
3 is 3.
24 is 8.
18 is 10.
18 is 2.
36.
1 and 5.
So, 5 into 100.
That is cost price.
Rs. 500.
If cost price is 500.
Then what is the relation between selling price and new
selling price?
The relation which we were asked.
So, what is the difference? 50.
So, what is the loss?
Cost price minus selling price.
That is 500 minus 450.
I am writing SP and SP.
But both are different SP.
This is given.
And this is for new case.
If this is the case, then what will be the relation?
This is SP.
So, this is Rs. 50.
So, what is the loss percentage?
Loss percentage would be loss that is 50 upon cost price.
That is 500 into 100 percent.
So, what is the loss percentage?
So, this is 1.
10.
1.
That is 10 percent.
10 percent loss.
If we are selling the product at Rs. 450.
If we are selling the product at Rs.
So, how much is the loss? 10 percent.
It was easy.
We are using the same formula
Look at this question.
This is easy.
What is the question?
A person buys a phone for Rs.
for Rs. 1400.
He is buying a phone for Rs. 1400.
He must have bought a keypad phone.
He must not have bought a smart phone.
So, cost price means a person buys a phone for Rs.
1400 and sells it at a loss of 15 percent.
So, look at this.
What is the cost price?
Rs. 1400.
What is the selling price?
Because the loss is 15 percent.
I told you that the cost price is
Rs. 1400.
So, what is the full cost price? 100 percent.
15 percent loss.
So, what is the selling price? 100 minus 15 percent of CP.
So, what is the selling price? 100 minus 15 percent of cost
price.
So, we have 85 percent of CP.
What is the cost price? 1400 times 1400.
So, what is the selling price? 85 divided by 100 times 1400.
20 minus 20 times 0.
85 times 14.
20 times 32.
34 times 85.
That is 0, 9 and 11.
So, this is Rs.
1190.
What is the selling price?
Cost price was
Rs. 1400.
He sold it for Rs. 1190.
So, the cost price is more.
When the cost price is more than the selling price,
obviously, the loss is failed.
That is why it is 15 percent loss.
So, what is the SP? 1190.
I think this question should have come earlier.
Because this was the easiest.
We have done the formula questions earlier.
I hope you have understood this much.
There are more formulas in this.
There are more types of questions.
We will do that in the next video.
Till then, you revise and practice.
Thank you for watching our video.