Welcome to our new lecture, in this lecture we are going to
see the number system, now what is number system, how does
it work, how all these things are there, we will see
everything in this lecture, we have seen one thing when we
were starting this lecture
series, we had seen one thing in it that our computer is an
electronic machine and it understands only one thing, it
understands only one language, that is a binary language,
that is 10101, now I do any work, suppose I had told you, I
had given you the
rest of the examples, I had told you that any other machine
which is running through electricity, you can say that it
is a kind of electronic machine, I said Alexa play
Kudiyeni, now I said play
Kudiyeni, so Alexa is also an electronic machine, how did
it understand that it has to play Kudiyeni, how did it
process all these things, I said Google, hey Google, what
is the time, Google told me the time, now what is Google,
it is a kind of software,
and it is in whose, it is in the smart phone, smart phone
is also an electronic machine, so when
I said hey Google what is the time, how did Google know
that it has to tell the time, I am speaking in English like
language, I am speaking in my own language and the
electronic machine is understanding and it is also
replying, how is this possible, this
cannot be possible because till now we have been reading
that it understands only binary, either it understands 0 or
it understands 1, this means that something is being
converted, things are being converted, so that conversion,
the process of being converted
in binary, how things will be converted, this is what we
are going to see today, and the topic of this is binary
number system, so let's understand a history that when
computers came, that was the first generation, in the first
generation, machine language
used to be there, so all these things, let's open the white
board first, let's see all these things there, I also have
notes there, from which we will take a little reference, I
open my white board and let's see here, so first of all,
when the first generation
was running, then it was told to me that what came in the
first generation, it was machine language, so what was in
my first generation, in a second I will make its size a
little smaller, just give me a second, ok, so let's see the
first generation, so
there was one thing in the first generation, and what was
it, that in the first generation, my machine language was
used, that is, what my computer understands, what I
understand, let me write it in a second, machine language,
ok, or its other name is
low level language, ok, now what happened, that there were
some people who made the computer,
now why did they make the computer, that I have to get some
work done from the computer, I have to do a computational
task, that brother, do this work, I am giving you an
equation, solve it for me, these are my complex numbers,
solve them quickly, I have
given my two
to my friend, my friend was doing it all night, all night,
when he went and did the calculation,
I felt that something like this should be done, now see,
why the computer must have been made, the calculator also
does my work, I don't have a calculator, now if I have to
do so much from the computer, that brother, do 2 plus 3, so
this is the calculator,
I can do 2 plus 3 on this, so why did I need a computer,
then, the computer was mine, now this poor
person, what will I do in the calculator, if I have to do
something like this, which has multiple steps in it, ok, so
I can do it by writing a program, so you can say that in
mathematics, the complex problems I had, complex
computations, to do them quickly,
what I had to do, I had to bring the computer, but what
happened at that time,
when my first generation came, to explain anything to the
computer, I know what the computer understands, it
understands binary language, that's it, it doesn't know
anything else, it understands nothing, whether you speak
Hindi, English, Math, nothing,
only what will be understood, binary language, 0 or 1, and
this 0 or 1 thing is called machine language, or sometimes
it is called machine code, and the other name for this is
low level language, meaning, those who made it, those 4, 5,
10 people, they
gave instructions to the machine, that this, this, this,
this, you have to do this, after that what happened,
gradually the population increased, gradually we started
needing the other software,
so those 4, 5 people thought, what to do now, let's do one
thing, let's call 50 kids, and teach them machine language,
so that they too can write programs like us, so what did
they do,
they called a class like this, and in that class, how many
kids were seated, like this 100 kids were seated, told
them, don't worry, we will not charge you, we will teach
you for free, like this 100 kids were seated, now they
started teaching these 100
kids,
what did they start teaching, they started teaching machine
language,
now they kept on teaching, out of these 100 kids, this
machine code understood one, that's it,
was 99 useless, no, 99 was not useless, this machine
language is so difficult, that it is not understood, now
like my name is RAHUL, what we will do, when we will finish
this lecture, so we will write the equivalent binary code
of this, so now suppose
I have to write this name, so for this also what I have to
do, equivalent of R is my binary number, that can be
anything, 010, equivalent of A is number 0101, this is
hypothetical,
equivalent of H is binary number 1100, like this, like
this, means you have to tell the machine RAHUL name, so
what you have to do, you have to say like this, machine
1010 0101, 1100 0010 0010, no one understood, now such
machines had to tell things,
this was the machine language, this was the machine code,
now when the problem was not solved, that 5-10 people are
doing the same thing, that they have to write code, they
have to do the work, so they were doing like this, 100
students were taught, out
of 100 students, how many understood, one understood,
problem was not solved, so they thought, they did a lot of
research, that what to do, what to do, what to do, they
reached to a solution, what was that solution, they brought
a new language, what was
that language, this was the assembly language, what was in
this, tell me,
in this assembly language, they started to find some
keywords, how were they, that if you want to sum, you will
write sum, if you want to divide, you will write div, if
you want to move, you will write mov, if you want to
multiply, you will write mul,
this means that I have 2 and I have 3, so I have to sum 2
and 3, so I used to write 2 sum 3,
if I had to do multiplication, I used to write 2 mul 3,
do you understand, so what problem was solved with this,
with this I started to feel that,
means they started to feel, the developers, that this will
be understood, then they called 100 students, 100 students
come, let's teach you again, so they again put a class for
100 students,
now in the class of 100 students, they started to teach
them, this is our class,
and the students are sitting inside this, here 100 students
are sitting,
they started to teach those 100 students, assembly
language, they said that you did not understand machine
language, so we brought assembly language for you, you will
understand this,
so they started to teach, so out of 100, 5 students
understood,
that's it, the next person got very angry, that only 5
students understood, they had worked so hard, so what did
they think, then the poor people left, to think what to do,
what to do, what to do, so now what happened, now this
happened,
that there was a discussion on tea, that what should be
done, what should be done, so that we can bring more and
more people, so that more and more people can learn things,
so that they can instruct more and more computers, so that
they can tell them
what to do, so that more and more software can be made,
more and more applications can be made,
How to make my work easier?
How to do this?
So, let's talk about tea
So, one person came to his mind to do like this as if I am
talking to you ok if we write code like this ok and that
code is understood by machine then he said, you are mad you
don't understand, what does machine understand? machine
understands machine
code machine understands 0 and 1 how to tell it? he said,
let's do one thing let's put something in between let's put
some layer which converts this thing he said, yes, this
thing can be that means we have written things in our
language which we understand
ok, which we understand we will write code in that ok, and
that code will have a function, a software which will
convert it in machine code so that machine can understand
it and we can do these things ok, so what solution did he
find out? he found out
the solution programming language ok, this was the solution
what is this programming language? we call this programming
language high level language ok now this question this
question is asked many times
what is high level language and low level language?
so what you have to do? you have to give a simple answer
that low level language is that which our computer
understands directly understands high level language is
which we write then in between there is a software which
converts it so this is our high
level language can you give 2-4 examples of high level
language? yes, of course let's take example of high level
language what is your C language? high level language what
is your C++? high level language what is your Python? high
level language what
is your Java? high level language means if I code in this
language then what will be understood?
I said let's try to understand let's try to understand
let's write a small code of C language in which we will sum
two numbers now you go and show this code to anyone who
does not know programming language show it to him he will
also read and tell what
is written ok, so let's try to do this so what we did here
now don't bother that do we need to learn code of C
language? what is the meaning of this? no, just see are you
able to read the code written here? if you are able to read
then you can understand
you can guess so here we have to do the same
I will write a code here so here I have written sum.c I
have written .c because
I am writing C language program and here I have written one
second, I am not telling you what is written so I have
written after that
I have written something here and then I have written
something here then I have written something here and after
writing this
I have done something like this then I have done this and
then I have done this in next step ok and in last I have
written this after that
I have done this ok after doing this I have asked you to
read this code and tell me don't see that I know language
or not this is secondary thing tell me that you are able to
understand assume I don't know this
I started reading ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok ok I have done this now I have
written 5 or 6 line and I have asked you to do one thing
read and tell now you
said very easy 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 ok What is the
meaning of this line?
What is the meaning of this line? 10101 It looks like a song
What is the meaning of this line?
Do you understand?
Here it was written printf
Still I could understand
What is the meaning of this?
What is this?
This is your machine code
Ok Now things will be like this
Things will be like this
That When this programming language came
When high level languages came
Then most of the people understood
What does it mean?
What did they do?
When they brought the programming language
Then again they made 100 people sit
Now they made 100 people sit
And after making 100 people sit
They started teaching high level language
When they taught 100 people
What was the outcome?
Suddenly 70 people understood
Now 70 people can tell the computer
That you have to do this work
Ok This is how things have to be done
Now what happened?
Now all the problems are solved
That means the language I know
I will write code in it
Doesn't it look like an English language?
Like include
What happens in English?
You can read VOID
I can understand what is written
What is not written
But What we wrote
In any programming language
Like C, C++, Python
Java I wrote this code in any of them
I took this code to the machine
Machine Take this code
And do my work
Machine made me do it
Computer made me do it
Are you mad?
I don't know this
I know only one language
I know machine code
I wrote it in machine code
Then we thought how to write in machine code
I told you
They made a software in between
What was the name of that software?
Compiler What will the compiler do?
This compiler
Is the best friend of my computer
So now I I had to sum this code
I wrote this code in English language I wrote this code in
English language I went to the computer
And I said Computer, sum this code
Computer made me do it
I don't know what is written
I don't understand I don't understand Then we said You go
You say
Like you get a jack
You will go directly to someone
You said, brother, do this
Like Take this example Like your ward counsellor
You don't know him directly
But there is an uncle in your lane
Who knows him And that uncle is the best friend of that
mayor
So you went And you said Mayor uncle
If your lane is broken
Then you make this lane
The mayor ran away
He said, there is no money
So what happened We went to that uncle
Who is the friend of the mayor We said, uncle Can you give
us some advice
So what did uncle do?
He gave us some advice
Because uncle is the best friend
So like this We went to the computer
And we said Computer Give us two numbers give me the sum of
these 2 numbers.
Computer cheated us.
Then we went to the best friend of our best friend- a
compiler.
We said- Oh, compiler ji, a little bit of recommendation,
he said sure.
He converted this code whichever code is liked by his
friend. Which means the computer likes.
This 10101 means that this thing becomes a compiler.
how to do it? all together take 10 lines code convert 10
lines in machine language and then give it to computer
after that computer understand it and show you understand
now the question is how do we know that this line which is
written this is right
line how do we understand it how do we learn to convert
these things how to convert this 10 or this A how to
convert this A so for this we have to learn number system
so now let's see we got some idea what we are going to do
now let's see line by line
what is written in this number system let's see what is
written first in number system it is written when we type
some letters or word whenever we write any letter like what
i have written here i have written hash include so what i
have done i have written
hash and include after this what i have done the computer
translates them in numbers as computers can understand only
numbers means whatever i have written here it is translated
because translate them in numbers means in numbers it is
translated as computers
can understand numbers computers can understand numbers and
which numbers it can understand 101 a computer can
understand positional number system where there are only a
few symbols called digit and these symbols represent
different values depending on
the position they occupy in the number it is written we
will understand it let's read it a value of each digit in a
number can be determined using the digit, the position of
the digit in the number, the base of the number system
where base is defined
as the total number of digits available in number system
what does it mean let's understand it first let's see
decimal number system we will come back to it later let's
see what is written in decimal number system we will read
it later first let's understand
it on our end
let me write here decimal number system here i have written
decimal number system and what is it decimal means 10 ok it
means 10 numbers now which are those 10 numbers 0 1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 11 12 15 20 i said tell me one thing this 10 is
made from 0 and
1 this 11 is made from 1 and 1 this 12 is made from 1 and 2
this 15 is made from 1 and 5 it means in number system in
decimal number system we have 10 digits 0 digit 1 digit 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 now make any number by combining them i said 21
0 9 1 9 9 6 21
september 1996 ok i wrote this now it is possible 21
september is his birthday so i wrote this number 21
september 1996 now you will say this is such a big number
in such a big number this total 10 digits i have is made
from this 2 i took 2 from here
1 from here 0 from here 9 from here 1 again 9 again 6 now
tell me is there any number outside this decimal number
system no what we are doing we are doing this decimal
number like this is 10 this is 11 we convert this in binary
how it will be converted
it will be converted by dividing by 2 now we will see that
now you will say this number i understood i will convert
this in binary but these things are also written i n t i n
t so i said equivalent of i is a decimal number equivalent
of n is a decimal
number equivalent of t is a decimal number equivalent of t
is a decimal number if you learn to convert decimal in
binary then it means you just have to see which decimal
number is equivalent you have seen equivalent of i
hypothetical starts from 65 and
goes to 75 or 76 it will be hypothetically i got to know
equivalent of i is a decimal number we convert this do it
let's see we have to do i said i have to add two numbers
how to add two numbers add two numbers 10 plus 20 first i
will take 10 number and
divide it by 2 i know how much it will go remainder is 0
divide it by 2 remainder is 1 divide it by 2 remainder is 0
again divide it by 2 remainder is 1 now you have to write
from bottom to top and write like this 1010 and how many
numbers are there in
binary 2 base 2 now we have to convert from 10 10 10 is a
decimal number base is 10 now we have to convert decimal
number to binary number let's do it together 20 20 let's
write 20 20 20 20 now this 20 20 is a decimal number base
is 2 base is 0 we have
to convert 20 to binary now we don't know base is 2 because
we know in which we are doing in binary we divide it
I did it from 2 it went to 1 0 and what is your remainder
left? 0 then I did it from 2 again it went to 5 what is my
remainder left? 0 then I did it from 2 it went to 2 what is
my remainder left? 1 then I did it from 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0, 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, okay 5, so 5 is written here, so what does it mean,
50, okay, I said papa give me 100 rupees, I want to eat
jalebi, so what is 100, 100 is mine, is it decimal or
binary, we can also call
it binary, how can we call it, what is there in binary, in
binary also there is 0, 1, but if you say it in binary,
then you will not say 100 in binary, how will you say in
binary, in binary you will say, papa give me 100 rupees,
maybe papa will understand,
maybe he will not understand, belts will fall, so what can
you do, if you say it like this, papa give me 100 rupees,
so in which you are saying, you are saying in decimal
number system, if you are saying that papa give me 100
rupees, so in which you are
saying, that you are saying in binary number system, okay,
so we use this in day to day life, is the decimal number
system, decimal number system has base 10, as it uses 10
digit, what is the meaning of base 10, see here what we
have written, we have
written base 10, where is it, like I have written 20, I
have written 10 in 20 bracket, what is the meaning of this,
what is the base of this, I can recognize this base, that
this number is in binary, sorry, in decimal, you will say,
no, we will tell you,
how will you tell, it is 2, 2 does not come in binary, no,
no, wait, now we have to read more things, now we have to
read octal, we have to read hexadecimal, in that octal also
we will get 20, in that also we will get 20 in hexadecimal,
now if I remove
this 10 and ask you, this is 20, this is 20, this is 20,
this is 20, tell me, which is hexadecimal, which is octal,
which is decimal, you will not be able to tell in life, how
will you be able to tell, you will be able to tell because
of base, here what
I have written, if I write 10 here, then what will you say,
that this is decimal number, if I write 8 here, then what
will you say, this 20 is octal number, if I write 16 here,
then what will you say, this 20 is hexadecimal,
understood, similarly what I have written, when I converted
it in binary, then what I have written here, I have written
base here 2, so let's go back, what other things are
written in it, rest is written that digits from 0 to 9,
which we have already
read, in decimal number system, the successive position to
the left of the decimal point represent units, 10s, 100s,
1000s and so on, what is the meaning of this, see here they
have given an example also, let's see this, each position
represents a specific
power of the base, 10 for example, the decimal number 1, 2,
3, 4 consists of the 4 digit in unit position, means, what
you have written, 1, 2, 3, 4, let's read this, then we will
see this example,
3 in the 10s position, 2 in the 100s position and 1 in the
1000s position, and its value can be written as, here I
have taken a number, 1, 2, 3, 4, what is this, this is the
unit digit, how it is written, it is written like this, in
1s, 10s, 100s and
1000s, means, this is my first digit, I write this as 4
multiply 1, after that this is my 3, after 3, 4 is written,
how it is made, think about it, 30 plus 4, means 10, what
is 30, 3 multiply 10, so what is written here, 3 multiply
10, if I talk about
2, 3, 4, what is the meaning of 2, 3, 4, 100, how is 100,
how many digits are there in 100, 3 digits, how many digits
are there in 2, 3, 4, 3 digits, so what we will do, we will
do 2 multiply 100, I say, 1, 2, 3, 4, how many digits are
there, 4, so what
we will do, 1000 multiply 1, you can write this here, you
can write this here, you can do like this, now what is
here, as a computer programmer or an IT professional, you
should understand the following number system, you should
know that, behind the
scene, how many digits are there, how many digits are
there, how many digits are there, how many digits are
there, how many digits are there, how
many digits are there, how many digits are there, how many
digits are there, how many digits are there, how many
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there, how many digits are there, how
many digits are How much is 2 power 2? 4 If we multiply 4
by 1, what will come? 4 only Then we add
How much is 2 power 3? 8
If we multiply 8 by 0, what will come? 0 only
Add it.
How much is 2 power 4? 2, 2 is 4, 2 is 8, 2 is 16 16 is
there 16 multiplied by 1
Means, what I got is 16
Now calculate it quickly
How much is 16 and 4? 20
What is 21?
So, what I got is 21 And here it is given
I wrote 21
Because it is in decimal
So, I wrote base 10
Which he did step by step
In step 1, he did this
In step 2, he did this
And then in step 3
He wrote it like this
And what he said
Note 101012 is normally written as 10101 Now, what he has
written
He has said that how things are converted in octal number
system
So, the same things
Characteristics are written
He has said
Uses 8 digits
Means, what are those 8 digits I have?
I said that you have 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7
What is this called? This is called 8 number system
What was it called? 2 base number system
Each position in octal number
Represents 0 power of the base
Means Power of 8 is 0
Like what was there? 2 power is 0
Then 2 power is 1
Then 2 power is 2
Here, 8 power is 0 8 power is 1 8 power is 2
In this way, we will go right to left
Last position in an octal number system
Represents x power of the base 8 power can be 4 8 power can
be 5
Like here, 8 power is 4
Where x represents the last position
What he has done?
He has done the same thing
He has given you a number 1, 2, 5, 7, 0
He has given you this
In octal number
In which we have to convert octal number?
In decimal number 1, 2, 5, 7, 0
What we have to multiply? 8 power is 0 7 power is 1 5 power
is 2
2 power is 3 1 power is 4
In the second step
He has calculated
When you calculate in the last
What will come in the decimal?
Means 12570 Which is written in octal number
When I convert it
In decimal 5496 I have understood
Next Hexadecimal number system
In hexadecimal number system
He has done the same thing
What are the characteristics?
He has used 10 digits and 6 letters
What are those 10 digits?
From 0 to 9
After that
In that
Characteristics A, B, C, D, E, F
What are the letters?
Letters represent
Numbers Starting from 10
Means 10, 11
Or B, 12
C, 13
D, 14
E, 15
F Also called 16 number system 8 number system 2 number
system 2 number system 16 number system
Hexadecimal number system 8 number system
Octal number system
Here Each position in hexadecimal number
Represents 0 power of the base
Means 16 power 0, 16 power 1 16 power 2, 16 power 3 16
power 4 16 power 5
Last power
Last position
Hexadecimal number 19, F, D, E, 16
Let's try to convert
First E
Now E
E multiply 16 power 0
Plus D multiply 16 power 1
Plus F multiply 16 power 2
Plus 9 multiply 16 power 3
Plus 1 multiply 16 power 4
This is the 4
Which was written in the last line
Example 16 power x
In the next step 1 multiply 16 power 4 9 multiply 16 power 3
F multiply 15 multiply 16 power 2
Plus D multiply 13 multiply 16 power 1 14 Multiply
By Wu
Here F Multiply By Wu D Multiply By Calculate Calculate 106
thousand 462 my number is written in hexadecimal 19FDE when
I convert it to decimal then what I get?
I get 1,06,462 and what is the base? base is 10 so we
understand a little bit what is this number system? how to
convert it to decimal however the most important thing is
to convert it to decimal for this we have to read sky code
read it and come in the
next lecture we will see it again
I will tell you quickly what we did first we saw first
generation in that machine language and low level language
were used no one understood that, so people were called
only one person understood after that a solution was found
let's bring assembly language
in assembly language things are written like this if you
want to do sum then write 2sum3 if you want to multiply
then write 2mul3 this means to simplify some things then I
made 100 people sit in class and we understood that we
should make things in our
own language but it was not possible then a compiler came
in between what is compiler? it is a software it converts
code written in any programming language so that computer
can understand it so we took a high level language we took
C language we wrote
code you don't have to worry you don't have to learn you
just have to read you can read it after that all our
problems were solved now we saw behind the scene compiler
converts everything but do we understand how to convert
there is a table in homework
for every letter
I have a decimal number how to convert that number very
simple divide by 2 write the remaining numbers 10 plus 20
how to convert 10 plus 20 write it like this compiler will
write it we will write it
I hope you like this video you can play this video again if
you have any doubt we will resolve it
I will meet you in next lecture good bye
what's it about basically if you refer the advanced
certificate you will get awesome rewards that sounds
interesting for every friend you refer you earn points that
you can redeem and also you will get the job guarantee
after completing this course