Hello and welcome to our new video.
In this lecture we are going to talk about one of the most
important component which is CPU.
Although when we saw the block diagram of computer we also
talked about CPU.
And we understood that CPU is like a stand where your
cricketers sit.
Along with CPU we also saw that we have a RAM which is
connected.
Primary memory is also connected.
In primary memory whatever executable file is there, what
is the function of CPU? CPU reads that file line by line
and executes whatever instructions are there.
So today we are going to see CPU in depth.
In CPU we saw that there are two units.
First unit was ALU which is Arithmetic and Logical Unit and
second unit was CU which is Controlling Unit.
So let us try to read it in depth.
So for this I will open my document on white board.
After that we will read it.
So here I have a definition of CPU on which we can know
that what all things are there in CPU.
What all units are there in CPU.
And here you will also see an image that how exactly CPU is
going to be seen.
Although people think that CPU is a cabinet in school or
colleges.
But people say that this is CPU.
Teacher also says that this is CPU.
No, this is not CPU.
In that cabinet you will see many things.
You will see motherboard.
Everything is connected to motherboard.
Your ports are connected to motherboard.
Although we are talking about CPU now.
We will not go that much in that.
What is motherboard?
Or what are the ports inside it?
We will try to cover all these things in different videos.
What are we talking about now?
We are talking about CPU now.
I was telling you that your whole cabinet has a motherboard.
And everything is connected to motherboard.
Your CPU is connected to motherboard.
Your ports are connected to motherboard.
If you want to put more things like RAM, then you have to
put it on motherboard.
If you want to put storage, then you have to put it on
motherboard.
So motherboard becomes a very important component in itself.
So now let's see about CPU.
What is CPU called?
CPU is called Central Processing Unit.
If you are preparing for a competitive exam.
Or in school or colleges, there is competition.
They ask what is CPU?
So you have to tell them.
We know what it is.
Central Processing Unit.
This is called brain.
There is nothing more important than this.
Understand.
This is considered as brain of a computer.
If there is no CPU.
Now you see for yourself.
If I take out the mind from your body structure.
Will you be able to function?
You will not be able to.
Why not?
Because your mind is controlling everything.
Someone asked you.
Your mother asked you.
Tell me the weight of milk last month.
So you asked how much it was.
So your mother told you that it was 45 kg.
And according to 80 kg.
So you did the calculation.
Some kids are playing cricket.
And small kids threw a cricket ball at you.
So you will know instantly that some object is coming
towards you.
How did you know?
Because of brain.
So our brain controls signals.
What signal I have to do.
What I don't have to do.
All these things are done by brain.
If I put this in a computer.
So the brain of the computer.
Our brain is a brain.
What did we call the brain of the computer?
We called it CPU.
We called it Central Processing Unit.
Now it is written here.
CPU consists of the following features.
CPU is made up of what?
What are the features of CPU?
Let's try to know about it.
CPU is considered as the brain of the computer.
We just talked about brain.
We saw an example.
Just like the human body has a brain.
In the same way we have a brain in the computer.
What do we call it?
We call it CPU.
CPU performs all types of data processing operations.
We didn't understand this.
How did data processing operations happen?
If you have to do any calculation.
If you have to get any work done from the computer.
Then you have to give data.
How is the data?
What did we understand now?
We have to see all the lectures one by one.
All lectures are connected to each other.
What did we see in the last lecture?
When we saw the application of the computer.
We saw how the data generated in the sales is done.
It is done with the help of the computer.
We give data to the computer.
We say that we made so much profit last year.
We generated so much revenue.
We did so much sales.
How does the entire chart come?
Just because of the help of the computer.
And all the processing that has to be done on it.
Who does it?
CPU does it.
Data processing operations are done by the CPU.
It stores data.
Intermediate results and instructions.
Instructions means program.
Any program in which we have written more than one thing.
Like I told you.
For example, tea.
Or Maggie.
You don't know how to make Maggie.
You will ask your mother to make Maggie.
Your mother will say, I will not make it.
Do your own work.
You will say, I will make Maggie.
But you give me instructions.
Your mother will say, I will give you instructions.
Your mother will say, do one thing.
Take a boiler.
Put water in it.
What did you do?
In the first step.
Take a boiler.
Put water in it.
After that, what will be the second step?
You put the Maggie in it.
What did you do in the third step?
Your mother told you to roast the spices.
So you roasted the spices.
What did you do in the fourth step?
Your mother told you to put Maggie in it.
You put Maggie.
What did your mother say in the fifth step?
Your mother said, it will be ready in two minutes.
So wait for two minutes.
So you waited for two minutes.
So here are four to five instructions.
Which your mother has given you.
Now the next time when you go to make Maggie.
Do you remember those instructions or not?
Obviously, it will be there.
It is possible that you forget one or two instructions.
But you will remember a little.
First you put water in it.
Then you put Maggie in it.
Similarly, whatever program is there.
Whatever instructions are there.
It is stored.
Who stores it?
It is stored by CPU.
The data that we input.
Who stores it?
It is stored by CPU.
It controls the operation of all parts of the computer.
All the other parts of the computer.
Whatever operations are performed on it.
What kind of operations?
Just tell me from the example.
I have to enter some data from the keyboard.
And I have to show that data on the monitor.
So what is this?
It is an operation.
It is an operation to show data on the monitor.
It is an operation to enter data on the monitor.
All these operations.
Who does it?
It is controlled by CPU.
There is an image of CPU.
CPU is nothing.
It is a small chip.
This is a CPU.
What can this chip do?
It is a brain.
If you remove it.
It will not be able to do anything.
What example can we take?
In the last video lecture.
The letter in the robot movie.
It was very decent.
Then it came in the field of mischief.
Its chipset.
It was changed.
When its chipset was changed.
Then what?
Then the movie is in front of you.
It destroyed the whole city.
Why? Just because of this.
If in your mind.
If someone feeds wrong things.
That this thing is not good.
This thing is good.
If someone feeds these things in your mind.
Now look at the terrorists.
There were no terrorists before.
Mother's son is not a terrorist.
When do they become?
When they are brainwashed.
When things are put in their mind.
Government is not doing this right.
Your rights are being killed.
So what do you do?
Pick up this gun.
If someone has put these instructions in your mind.
If this is the thing.
Your computer is performing properly.
It is working with speed.
It is working with accuracy.
It is working with reliability.
It is working with versatility.
Why is it working?
Because in it.
That kind of program has been done.
If you do the wrong program.
Will it do?
Suppose I want to add two numbers, but you have put a minus
sign instead of a plus sign.
What will be the result? 2 minus 2 is equal to 0.
You don't know what is the sign of minus and what is the
sign of plus.
That means you have given the wrong instruction in your
program.
And what happened because of that wrong instruction?
You got the wrong output.
Will the output be wrong only by giving the wrong
instruction?
I said no, there can be another case also.
What will be the second case?
You have given the wrong data.
If you give the wrong data, then the processing on it will
be wrong.
Processing is correct, instruction is correct, but the
output is wrong.
Because the data is wrong.
So, you have to remember this thing also.
CPU itself has following three components.
As we saw, computer is an integrated system in itself.
Everything will be there.
CPU, RAM, Keyboard, Monitor will be there.
Everything will work as an integrated system.
Only then you will get an output.
Otherwise, you will not get an output.
Similarly, there are some components of CPU also.
What did we see in the last lecture?
We saw that there is a CPU like this.
It has two parts.
What is the first part?
The first part is ALU.
And the second part is CU.
But what is written here?
CPU itself has following three components.
Means there are three components.
What are the three components?
First is memory and storage unit.
What did we read above?
It stores the instructions.
It stores the data.
It stores the intermediary results.
When it will store, it will store it somewhere.
Where does it store?
It stores in storage.
It stores in memory.
What is memory?
It is a component of CPU.
What is the second thing?
It is a control unit.
We read this before also.
And the last is Arithmetic and Logical Unit.
Now let's try to understand this thing.
What is written in Control Unit?
What is written in ALU?
We know the general meaning.
But let's try to understand it in more detail.
So that if you come in exam, you can write in exam also.
If someone asks you, you can tell him also.
So for all these things, we will try to understand it in
more detail.
Here you will see a diagram.
I will increase the size of it.
This is enough.
Let's try to understand this diagram.
What is this?
This is your CPU.
And here you can see the same three components.
What is the first component?
It is Memory Unit.
What is the second component?
It is Control Unit.
What is the third component?
It is Arithmetic and Logical Unit.
After that, what is here?
What is the third component?
It is Arithmetic and Logical Unit.
After that, what is here?
It is Input Unit.
What is here?
It is Output Unit.
Now what can be this Input Unit?
It can be your Keyboard.
And what can be this Output Unit?
It can be your Monitor.
So here in this way, our diagram is completed.
After that, now let's get some information about the
components given one by one.
What is written exactly?
We will break it down and read it.
We will try to connect it with real life examples.
For example, here the first thing is written
Memory and Storage Unit.
Now what is written in this?
This unit can store instructions.
We know this.
We have just read this.
Data.
Data can be anything.
Data can be your image.
Data can be your video.
Data can be your number.
Data can be your game.
Data can be your PDF file.
So your data can be of different types.
After that,
Intermediate results.
Now, in a good way, see, let's try to understand it like
this.
There is an exam.
This is the second stage.
In the first stage, you have cleared the exam.
That means you have cleared the first stage.
But the second and third stages are still remaining.
You have luckily cleared the second stage.
But the third stage is still remaining.
So now what you will say is that I have intermediate
results.
I don't have complete results.
When the cycle of this exam will be completed, then I can
say that
I got the result.
But until I get the complete result, then what I will say
is that it is an intermediary result.
The intermediary result is also stored by
CPU.
If someone asks what is the component of CPU, then you have
to tell that it is a memory and storage unit.
So, I hope you have understood everything.
So, let's move ahead.
This unit supplies information to the other units of the
computer when needed.
Whenever you need it, now see this is my hand.
I have moved my hand like this.
My brain has sent a signal to the data that what you have
to do is to move your hand.
So, when my brain gave this signal, it moved my hand.
Now I have to move both my hands.
So, my brain has sent a signal to both my hands.
In the same way, our CPU supplies information to the other
units of the computer whenever they need it.
If I need to write something, then my computer tells me to
use my hand.
If I want to see something, then my brain tells me to use
my hand.
So, my brain is sending information to my hands, to my
eyes, to my stomach.
If I am hungry, then my brain will tell my mouth and my
feet to go to the kitchen and get something.
So, when I got something from the kitchen,
I used my mouth to eat it.
So, my stomach got peace.
Now, these units are able to communicate with each other.
In the same way, my CPU sends data to the other units of
the computer.
It sends information whenever they need it.
It is also known as internal storage unit or main memory or
primary storage.
So, what do we call it?
We call it primary memory.
What is primary memory?
It is RAM.
We have already studied about it.
We thought that what is RAM?
RAM is like a cricket playground.
If any app wants to run, then it has to know where to go.
We thought that there is a cricket field in front of us.
There are players sitting in the stands.
So, if any player wants to play, what does he have to do?
He has to come to the ground.
Now, my mobile phone has many applications.
There are many icons.
If I click on any icon, the interface that I see, what does
it mean?
To run it, it has to come inside the RAM.
Its executable file has to come inside the RAM.
Only then we will see the interface.
Otherwise, we will not see the interface.
So, we thought that what is primary storage?
It is connected to RAM.
What is it called?
It is called random access memory.
Its size affects speed, power, capability.
It means that the size of our CPU has a particular size.
We are talking about the size of the memory.
We are talking about RAM.
So, the size of RAM will affect your speed, power, and
capability.
How does it affect speed?
Look, I bought a mobile phone worth 10,000 rupees.
The mobile phone worth 10,000 rupees has 2 GB RAM.
I bought a mobile phone worth 50,000 rupees.
The mobile phone worth 50,000 rupees has 2 GB RAM.
Now, I want to play a game.
I need 3 GB RAM.
Now, tell me, the mobile phone worth 10,000 rupees has 2 GB
RAM.
Will it be able to play my game?
No, it will not.
It is like
I have a bottle.
I can put 1 liter of water inside the bottle.
But, I am trying to put 5 liters of water inside the bottle.
It is not possible.
So, the size of RAM matters a lot.
It matters a lot to run things with speed, power, and
capability.
So, I need to understand that the more the size of RAM, the
better my games will perform.
Memory and secondary memory are two types of memory.
The memories that we are studying are of two types.
One is primary memory and the other is secondary memory.
What do we understand from primary memory?
We understand that it is a very important thing.
We don't need secondary memory.
So, what is primary memory?
RAM.
RAM is a very important part.
What did I say?
I said two minutes ago that if you want to run or execute
anything, where do you have to come?
You have to come to the main memory.
So, nothing can run without coming to the main memory.
That's why it becomes so important for itself.
What is secondary memory?
Secondary memory is your storage.
Look, you went to the mobile shop.
You asked for a 4 GB RAM mobile.
It is 4 GB RAM, but it has 256 GB storage.
You can keep a lot of songs, videos, PDF files in this 256
GB storage.
Have you ever heard that there is 256 GB RAM and 4 GB
storage? What will I do with 256 GB RAM?
That means your RAM will always be less than the storage.
But sometimes it happens that less food is cooked at home,
it tastes good.
If it is overcooked, it does not taste good.
Similarly, our storage is quite large in size.
It is 256 GB storage.
We can store so many things in it.
But what do we call primary?
We call 4 GB RAM as primary.
But we do not call 256 GB storage as primary.
So, RAM is important.
Our secondary storage is not so important.
We will try to study about it later.
After this, let's see that we have learned two types of
memory.
Function of memory unit.
We are talking so much about this memory unit.
What are its functions?
Do you know?
It stores all the data.
Yes, it is right.
It stores all the result of the program.
It also stores the data that we give as input.
Are the rest of the lines are the same?
Let's try to read it.
It stores all the data.
It is written here that it stores all the data.
You must have read it earlier.
I have not read it earlier.
It stores final result of processing before these results
are released to an output device.
All inputs and outputs are transmitted through main memory.
Main memory is used to store intermediate results, data and
instructions.
Let's see the second component.
What is the second component?
The second component is my control unit.
What does the control unit do?
It seems like it controls something.
Right? Like, sometimes in the house, it controls mom and
dad.
So, in the same way, what does the control unit do?
It does the work of controlling.
So, it is written in this.
Let's read it first, then we will try to decode it.
Control unit.
Control unit controls the operations of all parts of
computer but does not carry out any actual data processing
operations.
That is, when it comes to data processing, when it comes to
data related things, when it comes to storing data, then we
will not say that the control unit does it.
We will say that the memory unit does it.
Because we have just read that the memory unit stores our
data, intermediary results and instructions.
So, here, what does the control unit do?
It controls the operations.
How to perform the operations?
The control unit does it.
All parts of the computer.
What are the functions?
Let's understand this.
It is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and
instruction among other units of a computer.
It controls the operations of all parts of computer but
does not carry out any actual data processing operations.
The process of data is what we are talking about.
We are not talking about transferring data.
These are two different things.
How can we understand this?
Let's talk about its example.
We can take it like this.
I have some data.
I went to the market and bought some vegetables.
Those vegetables are data.
But the operations of those vegetables are done by the
mother.
Do you understand the difference between these two things?
The control unit is responsible for transferring data and
not for processing it.
That means if I take vegetables and go, who will do this
work?
This work is done by the control unit.
But who will do the processing on it?
The processing will be done by ALU or the memory unit. Do
you understand? Let's see what is written here.
It manages and coordinates all the units of the computer.
We have just read this.
The data that is being transferred between my two units,
who is responsible for the transfer of data?
My control unit is responsible for it.
It obtains the instructions from the memory and interprets
them. It means it picks up the instructions from the memory
unit and interprets them. It interprets the instructions
and interprets them. It directs the operations of the
computer. It says, monitor,
show this on the screen.
Keyboard, give me the data.
How is it able to do this? The work of interpreting all
these instructions is done by the control unit.
It communicates with input-output devices. We have not read
this yet.
But we have already seen the example of input-output
devices.
How did we see it?
What is the input device we have? Can you see this?
This is the keyboard.
This is the input device.
What is the screen you can see on the screen of your mobile
phone? It is called monitor.
It is the output device.
For transfer of data or result from storage, the work of
transferring data from storage to the memory unit is done
by the keyboard.
It picks up the data and transfers it to the monitor.
Who communicates all this?
The control unit.
It does not process or store data.
It does not store or process data. There is no need to tell
you.
Because all this work is done by the memory unit.
This work is done by the control unit.
What does the control unit do?
It transfers the data.
I have an input device.
I have an output device.
Who will do the transfer of data between them?
The control unit.
Let us see the last unit.
What is the last unit?
ALU.
This unit consists of two sub-sections.
Namely, two things are there.
One is the logic.
We know what is logic.
For anything, for decoding, we know what is logic.
For decoding, we know what is logic.
This action is to perform Arithmetic operation.
All complex operations are done by making repetitive use of
above operations.
Addition, Subsection, Multiplication, Division etc.
We can also perform other complex operations.
When all those operations are being performed, which
section is coming into use?
Arithmetic section.
Last is Logic section.
Logic section has only one line.
Function of Logic section is to perform logic operation
Such as Comparing, Selecting, Matching, Merging of Data.
Compare two numbers.
Or compare two people.
How to compare two people?
If A person's salary is greater than B1's salary which is
30,000,
If B1's salary is greater than B1's salary which is 30,000,
Selecting.
If B1's salary is greater than B1's salary which is 30,000,
Matching.
Merging of Data.
Merging of two data.
Thanks for watching,
See u in my next video,, bye
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