Welcome to our new video
In this lecture we are going to talk about the generations
of computers
Now what do you understand by the word generation
You must have heard
You must have heard from your parents that people of our
generation used to wake up very early
But today's generation wake up very late
You must have heard many statements like this
So what is the meaning of specific generation
What is the exact meaning of this word
It can have different meanings in different contexts So I
will give you 2-4 examples to tell you the meaning of this
word
So let's read about the generations
What exactly happens in the first generation What happens
in the second generation
What happens in the third generation
What happens in the fourth generation
So let's go towards the white board
Let's try to understand things by taking a little reference
from the notes
So here you can see that the word computer is written in
the first generation and there is an image here
So you can see the whole system that is the computer in the
first generation
One thing to remember
Whenever we go from the first generation to the second
generation or from the second generation to the third
generation
So there is always development
Things are fast
Things are reliable
So this happens in the case of computer and this happens in
the case of humans
So let's take the example of humans
Let's try to understand what I am trying to say in the
reference of humans
See If we talk about particular human generations
So if you know how was the first human
Like today our mind was not as developed as it is today
What was there before
Before we used to live a half-human life
That man where we got a little food
Is there a house or not
No matter
We used to be nomads that we went from one place to another
in search of food
So what was there at that time that we were not able to do
other things to eat
I am recording this lecture
Can anyone do it at that time
What was the reason
If someone has to tell something to another person then he
had to roam around and find people
So let me tell them
In the first generation
Generally it has been seen that things are not so developed
But while learning when we go to the second generation
Things are getting better
Things are getting better in the third generation
We were talking about human generation
What happens in human generation
Like what we were before
We were nomads
We used to roam around
What is this
In the first generation
I am recording it as FG
What happened after that
We started agriculture
We did agriculture
In the second generation
So there we did not have to worry about food
Because we knew that
Food will come from agriculture
Let's talk about the third generation
The third generation became more smart
As you see in today's time
Earlier people used to be in agriculture
But not in today's time
What do people do
They know that we have to go to the shops and bring things
This is the third generation
Your grandfather
Your grandmother
I will say that
He does not know how to use mobile
It is possible
They were the people of the first generation
It was the first generation
Who did not know
They did not know so well
Your grandparents
After that
The second generation They are a little smart
But you will say
They are not that smart
In the second generation
Your parents
If I talk about the third generation What happened in the
third generation
People like you People like me We are in the third
generation
If I talk about the fourth generation The children of today
Children How smart they are
You see
Those people
As soon as they are born, they start using mobile phones
Technology They know what it is
So what we understand
Things in the first generation
Not so developed In the second generation
In the third generation
In the fourth generation
We can also take some other examples We can take some other
examples
I wanted to tell you
We are talking about the first generation of computers
The first generation of computers
From 1946 to 1959 How many years 9 or 13 years
Let's see the second generation
Talking about the second generation
From 1959 to 1965
It's not like The generation 14 years 14 years
The next generation The time
It depends on Let me tell you
The first computer
When A major change in technology
We call it the second generation
Like here
The computer you see
There must have been a change
The first generation was running
But what happened after this
After the first generation
We went to the second generation
The computer you see here
Look at the size
And the size of the first generation
So when a major
Change comes
We are entering the next generation
Let's see the third generation
Computer Look here
A very big change came
The size of the computer
It's very small In comparison with the first generation
We can say that
This is the third generation
If we talk about the fourth generation From the third
generation
How much change has come in the fourth generation
If we talk about the fifth generation
Which is running now
Why is the fifth generation computer
Something like this So we know the meaning of the generation
When a very big
Change comes
If something develops Then we say that changes have come So
we call it generations
Generally In the context of mobile phones
When you go to buy a processor
In the market
So what is written in it
Like I write here
Now what do companies do
Processor companies do
Like Intel processors
What does your Intel do
Intel gives you i3 processor
Intel gives you i5 processor
Intel gives you i7 processor
Intel gives you i9 processor
But every year you will see
So suppose
When did the first generation of i3 come
When did the first generation of i3 come 2008 I am
hypothetically telling
I don't know the year
The first generation was 2008
When will the second generation come
The second generation will come
In 2009
When will the third generation come
In 2010
So your question should be
Are there so many major changes
Every year
The mobile
The processor companies Give a new name every year 10th
generation of i3 11th generation 12th generation
I will say So many major changes do not come Within a year
The size of the transistor is reduced The size of the
transistor is reduced But Because you have to sell
Processors every year You have to add a word
You have to tell
This is the first generation
This is the second generation
If you are buying
Intel i3 processor And you have Second and third generation
If you compare You will see the difference in speed But not
so much
So here
The gap between the generations
Is one year The gap between the computer
Is 10 years So it depends On what is being developed
How many major changes come
A company
Produced a product Like Alexa
So when they brought it in the beginning
They said this is Alexa
First generation
But after some time
They made major changes
How did they make major changes
Within it
Very cool feature You speak with voice
You do things with gesture
So after adding such features
To reduce the size
Let's try to understand it.
Here I have an image and some text.
So, we will read it and try to decode it.
As we have been doing till now.
So, if we talk about the first generation of the computer,
first of all, you see here.
This image, you see this image.
Here, it looks like a cabinet to me.
As you can see today's cabinets.
But here, I can see such a big machine.
That means, if you see it,
I can see the size of a room.
Today, the room in which you are sitting, if such a big
computer is installed, then how will you operate it?
You can't take it anywhere.
In today's time, you have a MacBook or a laptop.
Put it in the bag and take it away.
Earlier, such computers used to come with a battery.
Here, it needs electricity all the time.
As long as there is electricity, you can work.
As long as there is no electricity, you can't work.
So, you see the size of it.
So, the period of the first generation computers was from
1946 to 1959.
That means, the first generation computers came in 1946.
What did we read?
We saw in the block diagram or in the components that there
are different components of a computer. Here, it says that
in the first generation computers, vacuum tubes were used
as the basic components for memory.
Memory means RAM or storage.
And circuitry was used for CPU.
So, it is understood that vacuum tubes played a very
important role. Which was considered basic for memory.
These tubes like electric bulbs produce a lot of heat.
Today, you must have seen that if the battery of your
mobile phone starts heating up, you must have seen a lot of
incidents where the mobile phone gets blasted. Why? Because
of heating.
Because, you have to remove the heat somewhere.
If you don't remove the heat, the battery will get blasted.
So, here, I have come to know that vacuum tubes produced a
lot of heat.
So, this was the beginning of the installation.
It is the same thing that the bulb of the Sobat was fused
every 10th or 12th day.
A new bulb was installed.
But, if you look at the LED today, can you see it fusing so
fast? No, you cannot.
So, you can say that the bulb that was the first generation.
The LEDs that are coming today, that is the second
generation.
So, there was a major change.
So, what is written here? Frequently use of sorry, fusing
of installations.
That is, you have installed things and it got fused.
Therefore, it was very expensive.
It is such a big computer.
So, it became expensive.
Now, if you go to buy a big refrigerator or a small
refrigerator, then the size of the big one will always be
more.
Because, it has more components, more physical parts. So,
it will automatically become expensive.
And when it becomes expensive, then everyone will be out of
control. Not everyone can afford it.
So, such a big size of computers, not everyone could afford
the first generation.
Could be afforded only by very large organizations.
Like, it is my company.
What do I have to do in my company?
I have to get people to work.
Either I hire a lot of people or I hire a computer.
Always remember, you will spend money once in technology.
But, in humans, you will have to spend money all the time.
Technology may become expensive for you once. In the
beginning, you may feel that I am giving 50,000 to humans
and I am buying technology for 1 lakh.
But, in the long term, you have to think how much benefit
it will give you.
So, here also, not everyone can afford it.
Today, you will see mobile phones.
Why do you see mobile phones in everyone's hands?
Because, mobile phones are affordable.
Everyone can afford it.
Laptops are still a little expensive.
That is why, you will not see it in every house.
But, you will see mobile phones in every house.
So, the first generation computers that came, they were
very large.
Because of being large, they became expensive. Now, when
they became expensive, not everyone can afford it.
So, who used to buy it?
Large organizations used to buy it.
Here, it is written that very large organizations used to
buy it.
And, in this generation, mainly batch processing operating
systems were used.
If you do not know the operating system, we will cover it
in the coming videos.
But, you should understand that in a computer, there is an
operating system which manages everything. For example, if
you go to a restaurant, the manager there manages
everything.
He tells you, what is your duty.
If a waiter wants a leave, he goes to the manager.
If he wants money, he goes to the manager.
So, the operating system works like this.
If other things have to talk to each other, if something is
required, if some resources are required, then who will
they talk to?
So, here, processing, till now, data is an input,
processing is done on that data, and we get the output.
But, here, it is written that in this generation, mainly
batch processing operating systems
Now, what does it mean?
What does batch processing mean?
Let's try to understand this.
Punch cards, paper tape, magnetic tape were used as input
and output device.
If I talk about input device today, and output device, then
we know that input device is our keyboard, input device is
our mouse, input device is our light pen, output device is
our monitor, output device is our speaker.
In this generation, input device was punch card, paper tape.
Now, we don't have to go so deep about punch card.
We just have to understand how things have changed.
Magnetic tape was used as input and output device.
The computers in this generation used machine code as
programming language.
Let's talk about this a little bit.
The computers in this generation used machine code as
programming language.
This is our machine code.
Now, I will tell you what is machine code.
I will change the color of this.
Let's take this color.
Let's see.
So, I am talking about machine code.
Now, you have to understand this.
You will have an idea about machine code.
If you have seen the first lecture, you will take it away.
So let's write machine code here.
Now whatever electronic device I have, it understands one
language and that language is your machine code.
What is the meaning of machine code?
Machine code means 101.
Either it will understand 1 or 0.
What is the meaning of 1? 1 means true.
What is the meaning of 0? 0 means false.
If you have a fan in your house, can you call it an
electronic machine?
Because it is running on electricity.
What does it take in input?
It takes electricity.
What does it do with that electricity?
It runs the fan and gives us air as output.
But when you switch it on, what does it mean?
It does not understand that when you press the button, it
turns on.
It understands 1 and 0.
When you press the button, it understands 1.
True means switch on the fan.
When you switch off the fan, it understands 0.
False means switch off the fan.
All the electronic machines do the same thing.
So here machine code is used.
Today you will learn about programming languages.
Like C++, Java, etc.
We will talk about it in the next lecture.
For now, we just need to understand that we understand the
programming languages.
If I talk to you in English or Hindi, you will understand.
If I want to write a software or an application, I cannot
write it in machine code.
For example, today there is Whatsapp.
The code for Whatsapp will be of 10,000 lines or 20,000
lines.
The code for Instagram will be of 10,000 lines or 20,000
lines.
Or 25,000 lines.
So will I write this in 25,000 lines?
Or will I write this in 100,000 lines?
I will not understand these things.
I do not understand machine language.
Similarly, machines do not understand our language.
When the first generation computers came, machine code was
used.
If I want to make a computer work, I will write machine
code in it.
Now who can understand machine code?
The person who created the computer.
If the person wants to talk to the computer, he can talk to
the computer.
If the person creates the software, it is okay.
Otherwise, the rest of the people cannot make the software.
Because they should know machine code.
Suppose there are 50 students in a class.
Two of them will not be able to understand machine code.
The rest of the students will not be able to understand
machine code.
So it was so difficult in the first generation.
But after that,
I will tell you briefly about programming language.
If you are writing code or software in C, C++ or Java, you
will not write things in machine code.
You will write things in your English language.
You will have to follow a syntax.
If you teach the other person, he will understand.
Here you will say that machine code is understood.
And we are writing software in programming language.
That is, in English language.
So when we write that code, we give it to run.
So how does it happen?
There is a compiler in between.
Compiler is a software.
For example,
I don't want to go too deep.
We were going to cover it in the next lecture.
But let me tell you a little.
Have you ever seen Google Translate?
What do you do on Google Translate?
You put English on one side, you get Hindi.
So here too,
What is the same thing here?
The programming language that you have written in English,
what does it convert to?
It is converted to machine code.
And who converts it?
Compiler does.
If you want to know the meaning of English, who converts it
to Hindi?
It is converted to Hindi by compiler.
Like Google Translate.
So this is the biggest problem here.
Machine code.
Let's see the features.
What are the features?
Main features of first generation are
Vacuum tube technology.
Like if you have heard today,
What is going on today?
VR is going on.
Like virtual reality headsets are running.
Or augmented reality headsets are running.
Now what is this technology?
This is your computer.
What is this technology?
Tell me.
This technology is called virtual reality.
Like in today's time, this technology is prevalent.
Every company is trying to make headsets of virtual reality.
To make such a product that has features of virtual reality.
So when first generation computers came, there your
features were
Vacuum tube technology.
What was running at that time?
Vacuum tube technology was running.
I will try to show you.
Let's go to Chrome.
Let's go to Chrome and see how vacuum tube technology was
running.
So that you get a little idea.
I will put here
Vacuum tube technology.
So we went here
So we went here and we saw in images.
See, this was used.
Vacuum tube.
Now what does it do?
It looks like a bulb.
You see, like a bulb. It used to be fused.
In today's time, this is used. Transistors are being used.
But what was used before?
Vacuum tubes were used.
What was the problem of vacuum tube? The problem of vacuum
tube was that one is producing more heat, the other is
fused.
That is, you have installed things inside the computer. You
have installed things in such a big computer for 2-4 hours
and it is fused. Transistors are being used today.
We will talk about it.
So we understood that vacuum tube technology was used.
Now what is the next thing?
It was unreliable.
We had read in computer features that computers are very
reliable.
But the computer we are talking about today, which
generation computer is it?
It is your 5th generation computer.
It is not your 1st generation computer.
Are you able to understand this?
If I talk about 1st generation computer, it was undeliable.
Why was it undeliable?
You are using basic components.
What are you using?
You are using vacuum tubes.
What is the problem with vacuum tubes?
The problem with vacuum tubes is that if it is fused, then
whatever installation you have done, what will happen?
You will have to install everything again.
What is the second problem?
The second problem is that it produces a lot of heat.
What does it mean?
It means how will you use it?
You cannot use it.
If your mobile gets hot, will you be able to use it?
You will not be able to use it.
Suppose I am sitting to work.
If I trust it and sit to work, and I know that it is a
vacuum tube technology, it will deceive me.
Will I be able to use it?
Will I be able to trust it?
No, I will not be able to trust it.
That is why we said it is unreliable.
You are showing as a feature the main features of first
generation that it is unreliable.
How can unreliability be a feature?
Tell me.
Will you ever say to your deceitful friend that I can trust
this friend?
It has a very good feature that it always supports me.
How can unreliability be a feature?
You cannot say it.
Next thing is supported machine language only.
They only supported machine language.
They did not support programming language.
When they started writing programs, simple applications and
software
When they wrote all these things
So we can say that
Most of the software and applications in the market are
because of this
Next thing is very costly
We have already talked about this
That it is expensive
Because their size is big
Components are more
Generated load of heat
If it produces a lot of heat What will be the problem?
You can't stay in that
It is possible that the more heat it produces
Now see
What happens sometimes
Your mobile produces heat
What do you do?
You switch it off for some time
Because you know that
If more heat is produced
It is possible that the battery will blast
So here also the same thing
That heat was generated so much
That no one could do any work
For a long time
Next thing is slow input and output devices
In today's time
If I want to send a message to my friend
Then within a fraction of a second
I will type hi
In a fraction of a second
My friend will read that my friend has sent hi
He will see it on his output device
He will see it on his display
But what was in the input device?
In the input device
What happened to the input device here?
Input and output device
It used to be a punch card
It used to be a magnetic tape
It used to be such an input and output device
And it used to be very slow
Next thing is huge size
It used to be a very big size
We know this Need of AC To cool the heat that is being
produced To be able to work a little You needed AC It used
to be non-portable
What does non-portable mean?
I can't put it in my bag and take it to college I can't put
it in my bag and take it to school
I can't put it in my bag and take it to office
Portable means
We have made its size so compact That you can carry it
When you are carrying it
You don't feel burdened
You don't even care
If I keep a laptop in my bag
Sometimes I don't even remember
That there is a laptop in the bag
Why? Because I made its size so compact
We made it portable
But here you can't take it
What is this? It is non-portable
Consumed load of electricity
It is such a big component
So obviously it will consume electricity
Now you are putting AC to cool it Now when you are putting
AC
You can say You are putting AC
So what will happen here?
The cost of AC will be different One thing we read above
Operating system
It used to work in batch
It used to do batch processing
What does it mean?
Let me give you an idea
Suppose I have to do 5 tasks
Like I wrote here
This is my task no.1
This is my task no.2
This is my task no.3
I used to make it in a batch
This batch would go for the process
Till this process does not get completed
The next batch would not go
Task no.
4, task no.
Task no.
They couldn't make it
If I talk about a particular task It is possible that I
would finish this task
When I complete this task
Now what we are going to do is, we are going to make a
change in the second generation.
Now what we are going to do is, we are going to make a
change in the second generation.
Now what we are going to do is, we are going to make a
change in the second generation.
Now what we are going to do is, we are going to make a
change in the second generation.
Now what we are going to do is, we are going to make a
change in the third generation.
Now what we are going to do is, we are going to make a
change in the third generation.
Now what we are going to do is, we are going to make a
change in the third generation.
Now what we are going to do is, we are going to make a
change in the third generation.
The size of this computer is much smaller than the size of
the first generation computer of the second generation.
So you can say that the more the size is smaller, the less
power consumption will be.
If the power consumption is less, it means that your
electricity bill will be less.
If the electricity bill is less, it means that you are not
spending so much to operate it.
Are you able to understand?
More compact in size. Compact means that you have made it
smaller.
See, it is smaller in comparison to that.
More reliable. You could have believed more than that.
You cannot trust the first generation computer, but you can
trust the second generation computer.
Now, they were faster.
We saw that the input and output devices were slow.
Here, they were faster than the first generation machines
made of vacuum tubes.
In this generation, magnetic cores were used as primary
memory.
It means that the magnetic cores were used as primary
memory.
In today's time, primary memory is RAM.
At that time, there were magnetic cores.
Magnetic tapes and magnetic disks are secondary storage
devices.
Today, we call it hard disk drive or solid state drive.
At that time, there were magnetic tapes and magnetic disks.
I will try to show you.
See, magnetic tapes and magnetic disks are secondary
storage devices.
So that we can get an idea.
Here, we go to magnetic disks.
So, we can see that it is similar to HDD or hard disk drive.
Magnetic disks.
So, it is similar to what you used to have.
So, let's see magnetic tapes.
Magnetic tapes used to be like this.
In the past, we used to have cassettes.
What we used to do inside the cassettes?
What came after cassettes?
In the second generation, CDs started coming.
CDs were used.
In the first generation, cassettes were used.
Cassettes were used to store data and songs.
So, we understood that in the second generation, magnetic
tapes and magnetic disks were used as secondary storage
devices.
In the first generation, primary memory was used for
magnetic cores.
in high level programming languages like Fortran and COBOL
were used.
If there are 50 students in the class, only 2 will be able
to understand.
Now let's talk about the 2nd generation.
So what happened in the 2nd generation?
There must have been a big change.
In the 2nd generation, we brought here the assembly
language.
What does this mean?
Assembly language means that some keywords have been given
to you.
What does it mean?
For example, if you had to sum 2 and 3, you would have to
convert 2 to 1 and 0.
After that, you would have to convert 3 to 1 and 0.
After that, you would have to convert 2 to 1 and 0.
For plus, you would have to convert 1 to 1 and 0.
Now how do you have to write? You would have to write 10,
11, 1, 0, 1.
After that, your operation would have been performed.
But what happened here in the assembly language? We made
the keyword sum.
If you have to sum A and B, what will you write?
Sum A, B.
So this is a little easier.
Hypothetically, such keywords have been used.
What was the high level language?
The high level language was that
Now see here, one thing I have to tell you is the high
level language vs. low level language.
You should know this.
You can assume that there is homework.
What was the low level language?
I'll give you a little idea.
What was it?
The high level language that used to be, humans began to
understand.
That is, it became an English-like language.
What was your low level language?
You have a low level language that is machine code, which
is only understood by the machine.
Now tell me, when the assembly language came here,
High level language came,
What does this mean?
The more software can be made, the more applications can be
made,
More people begin to understand.
Like assembly language, 50 out of 50 people will understand.
High level language, 40 out of 50 people will understand.
That's why we use high level language today.
For example, C++ language.
What was the language that used to be at that time?
Fortran and COBOL.
These two languages used to be there at that time.
Let me talk about the second generation.
The computer used batch processing and multi-programming
operating system.
That is, batch processing was used in the first generation,
But here, multi-programming operating system was also used.
That is, you can run multiple programs at the same time.
Now let's see what were the features of this?
The first feature is that transistors were used.
Which used to be very cheap.
Used to consume a lot less electricity.
If I compare it with the vacuum tube technology of the
first generation.
Reliable in comparison to the first generation.
What was there? Unreliable.
The third feature is that the transistors used to be small
in size.
What was there? Size used to be big.
Generated less heat.
There used to be more heat because of the vacuum tube
technology.
Which used to work like a light bulb.
Consumed less electricity as compared to the first
generation.
Now when your setup is small,
It will also consume less electricity.
So this was the main feature.
Faster than the first generation.
What did I say?
When you move from the second generation to the third
generation.
After this, when we read the third generation,
Then you will see that they will be even faster than the
second generation.
Faster than the first generation computers.
Still very costly.
You have reduced the cost a little.
But not so much that everyone can afford it.
Suppose one thing is coming for 100 rupees.
And a common man can afford it for 20 rupees.
But some people can afford it for 100 rupees.
But what did you do?
You made it a little cheaper.
You made it 90 instead of 100.
Now tell me.
When it was 90, people were not able to afford it.
Even then it will be called costly.
Those who were able to buy it for 100,
For them it may be a little cheaper.
But those who were able to buy it for 20 rupees,
Is it cheap for them?
No, it is not cheap for them.
AC needed.
What did I say?
You have made it 90 instead of 100.
So AC was still needed.
It was such that in comparison to the first generation,
Heat is being produced less.
But not so much.
So AC was still needed.
Today you sit with a laptop.
Do you need AC?
You sit with your desktop system.
Do you need AC?
No, it does not increase.
Why does it not increase?
Because we are in the fifth generation.
Supported machine and assembly languages.
That is, in the first generation,
Majorly machine language was used.
It supported.
What happened here? Assembly language.
We started understanding some keywords.
So it became a little easier for us to write the program.
So what happened? Some features have happened.
Now let's see what are the names of some computers of the
second generation.
See what I said.
You will get IBM in this field.
From the first generation.
So there are some computers of IBM.
Which came in this generation.
IBM 1620 came.
IBM 7094 came.
You can remember them for academic purposes.
If you are writing a university exam.
If you are writing a school exam.
CDC 1604
CDC 3600
Univac 1108
So these were some names.
Now let's see what has changed in the third generation.
In the second generation.
When you do R&D.
When you enter the third generation.
What did you need?
Did you bring something beyond the transistor? Or did you
bring something like this? Technology with which the heat
was produced very little.
Did you make it so cheap?
Did you make it so small?
Now let's see that.
How long did this period last?
From 1965 to 1971.
We got to see this third generation of computers.
The computers of the third generation used integrated
circuits in place of transistors.
That is, if I talk.
So what was the first thing?
The first thing was vacuum tube technology.
What happened after that?
What was this?
This was our first generation.
What happened in the second generation?
In the second generation.
Where did we go from vacuum tube technology?
Transistors.
Now what do we know?
When we went to the third generation.
What happened in the third generation?
We shifted from transistor to ICs.
Integrated circuits.
Now I understand.
When the technology of the vacuum tube was there.
What was it? It was expensive.
It produced more heat.
When we went to transistors, it became a little cheaper.
And together it started producing less heat.
If we talk about ICs.
ICs are cheaper than transistors.
And together.
The more electricity the transistor consumes.
The more heat it produces.
It reduces.
That's why you are using it in the third generation.
Otherwise, why would you do it?
A single IC has many transistors.
What does this mean?
In the second generation.
You got to see such individual transistors.
Like T1.
T2.
T3.
In the third generation.
They took a single IC.
This is a single IC.
You put multiple transistors in it.
T1.
T2.
T3.
Along with transistors.
There were registers.
There were capacitors.
Along with the associated circuitry.
The IC was invented by Jack Kilby.
Operating system were used.
What was used here?
They were sharing time with each other.
If someone is idle, then go to another place to process.
Multiprogramming came in second.
And remote processing means that you can sit at one place
and run things from another place.
Remote processing started.
High level language.
Majorly high level language came here.
Not in second generation.
Zikra came in second generation.
But majorly that was the assembly language.
But in third generation, you will see proper high level
language.
Some names are given.
Like Fortran 2.
From Fort to
Pascal was used.
Algol 68 was used.
Were used during this generation.
In this generation, this language was used.
Popular languages like
Python, Rust,
Java, C++ were used in this generation.
In fifth generation.
In sixth generation, the prevalent language may not be
there.
New language will come.
Let's see features.
What were the features?
First was IC.
We understood vacuum tube technology was used.
Transistors were used.
Now integrated circuits were used.
More reliable.
More reliable than second generation.
In comparison to previous two generations.
Smaller size.
Computer of second generation was smaller than this.
We have seen this in images.
Generated less heat.
Now you are shifting to second generation.
Obviously, second generation will generate less heat.
First generation will also generate less heat.
Second and first generation were faster.
Lesser maintenance.
Now, less maintenance was not required.
What does it mean?
Look here.
Let me show you.
In first generation, you will see two people sitting here.
What are they doing?
They are maintaining it.
Here it is.
Both of them.
In second generation, you cannot see a person here.
In third generation, such maintenance was not required.
Still, costly.
The price has gone from Rs.
90 to Rs.
Still, it is not Rs. 20.
People are still not able to buy.
Now, at that time, people did not have so much money.
Still, it was costly.
In second generation,
AC was still required.
So, it was producing heat.
Consumed lesser electricity.
In comparison to second generation, electricity is still
less.
Supported high level language.
Here, in first generation, your language was supported.
Machine code was supported.
In second generation, assembly language was supported.
In third generation, high level language was supported.
Till this time, you could see multiple softwares.
You could see multiple applications.
Just because of high level language.
Here are some examples.
Let's see.
What are the names?
IBM 360 series.
Honeywell 6000 series.
You can remember.
If you want to write in academics,
IBM 360.
Honeywell 6000 series.
PDP.
Personal Data Processor.
IBM 370-168.
TDC-316.
Now, let's talk about fourth generation.
What happened?
First, we shifted from vacuum tube.
To transistors.
To integrated circuits.
Here also, we shifted.
Let's see.
When did this period start?
Fourth generation started from 1971 to 1980.
The computers of fourth generation used very large scale
integrated circuits.
That means, if we talk about third generation, integrated
circuits were used.
But, not on such a large scale.
Not on such a large scale.
VLSI circuits having about 5000 transistors.
Transistors Transistors Transistors Transistors Transistors
Transistors Transistors Transistors Transistors And, other
circuit elements and their associated circuits on a single
chip.
That means, all transistors were installed on a single chip.
Made it possible to have microcomputer of fourth
generation. That means, what was possible with
microcomputers?
Small computers were available.
Fourth generation computers became more powerful.
Compact.
Reliable and affordable.
As a result, computers rose
In 1971 to 1980 when people started buying computers.
revolution like Jio revolution in 2016 that everyone has
mobile phones everyone has internet connection everyone
started watching videos on youtube so here the personal
computer revolution started in 1971 to 1980, people started
going out people started
buying PC people started buying desktop computer generation
time sharing real time generation time sharing in real time
sharing distributed operating system you can see one thing
my operating system is also changing first batch operating
system was used
then multi programming system all the high level languages
C++, Dbase etc etc till now we have seen 4th generation C
language is called mother of all languages mother of high
level languages high level programming languages you can
understand how important it is and when did it come? it
came in 4th generation
ok it was used in this generation you can see it in 4th
generation in 5th generation you can see it smaller the
main feature of 4th generation what are the main features?
VLSI means very large integrated circuits large scale
integrated circuits in 1st generation vacuum tube
technology in 2nd generation transistors integrated
circuits in 4th generation very cheap portable portable
personal computers