Welcome to our new lecture
do operations operation means
I gave data 2, 3, 4 operation means
I gave addition operation.
I gave substraction operation.
I gave multiplication operation.
And I gave the output.
I gave addition operation.
I gave 2 plus 3 is 5 I gave 6 and 2 and
I gave 4 we have seen this thing in this lecture in which
category we can put the computer so for that first of all
we open whiteboard and see what categories we have how we
can categorize it here you will see classification of
computers so let's see
what is classification of computer computers differ based
on their data processing ability whatever data is given to
my computer how fast it processes it
based on this ability we can put computer in different
categories so what is the important thing data processing
abilities they are classified according to purposes it also
means that my purpose purpose of my work like if you have
seen some are general
purpose computers what is the general purpose
I want to do any work
I want to do normal work
I want to listen songs
I want to browse
I want to watch some videos
I want to do some programming
I want to do some programming let's remove programming but
if you want to do heavy programming then it is not general
purpose it is like you are looking for programming based
processing should be fast or if you are looking for a
laptop or a pc which is
game centric in which you can do gaming then we will say
that it is not general purpose it is a gaming laptop or a
gaming pc we can also say that it is not a gaming it is a
programming so we have categorized it based on its purpose
what you want to do
next is how it handles data and what are the
functionalities in it it is possible that in a computer you
have got good functionality so what you will do according
to your purpose you will select that one second you will
see that it is not doing a good
job so you can differentiate on the basis of that
functionality so here we have given 2-3 types which we will
analyze here we can see a definition according to purpose
we have understood that how we have to differentiate things
according to purpose it
is possible that my purpose is something else
I have a general purpose
I have to teach my students this is my purpose or computers
are either general purpose or specific purpose what is in
specific purpose it is in specific that I want game centric
so what I have done
I have taken gaming centric what can be other than that
I don't want gaming centric
I want programming centric means in which I can do
programming as much as possible now what do you want in
gaming centric in gaming centric your gpu will be
installed, graphic card will be installed even if it is not
installed in general purpose then
your work will go on that's why we have put it in which
category we have told it that this one is your general
purpose and this one is your specific purpose general
purpose computers are designed to perform a range of tasks
in general purpose also it
is not like you can't do anything, you can do many tasks
which are very normal like you have to do painting or like
I will give you an example like people in cafes their pc's
that is general purpose means the things in it those
components those components
are not so high variant components in which you can do game
or programming, that is of general purpose in this even if
it has 2gb ram it will work in this cpu's processor is less
i3's processor it will work means it looks like this but it
can do a range
of tasks means in that you can do something in microsoft
word in that you have to do that I have to go in it and
paint so you can paint in that you have to do calculation
you can do calculation in that you have to prepare an excel
sheet you can do that
thing so this general purpose will let you do all that
means there is a range of tasks which will allow you, it is
not like it will not allow after that they have the ability
to store numerous programs means in this it is not like
that you are doing general
purpose so we can't store many programs or save them you
can do all that but lack in speed and efficiency,
everything comes here general purpose which is mine the
biggest problem which I see that is this what is the
problem that it does not give me speed
speed and efficiency it did not give speed or efficiency
that's why I went to gaming and I had to go to programming
it can be different that according to your requirement who
did I go to gaming or programming you can see specific
purpose general purpose
does not give speed means it will give specific purpose it
is common sense and if efficiency is not found in general
purpose then it must be found in gaming or programming
specific purpose computers are designed to handle a
specific problem what is the
problem
I want to play a game what do I need to play a game a top
notch gaming centric computer so what happened the problem
was solved
I have to do programming
I am not able to do programming this is the problem let's
solve it we will solve it with programming centric all to
performance specific task video editing high end your
processor must be high end must be i9 series must be i7
series for all these series
for specific task we have a set of a set of instructions is
built into the machine different set of instructions for
general purpose and other machines are for gaming centric
and programming centric according to data handling see how
it is categorized
we categorized it according to data handle how to handle we
considered it as a criteria how to handle computers are
analog digital and hybrid how to handle data we categorized
it in three categories analog digital and hybrid what do
you understand by
hybrid hybrid means analog and digital analog computers
work on the principle of measuring how do analog computers
work on the basis of measuring in which the measurement
obtained are translated into data whatever measurement you
have taken for example
you went to tailor shop to tailor shop he takes the
measurement and writes in his diary this is 32 inch this is
32 inch after writing all this he prepares whatever you
have stitched in this way measurement is taken data is
translated into data after that
it is translated modern analog computers usually employ
electrical parameters what do modern people do they take
electrical parameters such as voltages they take voltage
then they put an idea that this voltage will have this data
this voltage will have
this data resistance and current they do all these things
on their basis to represent the quantities being
manipulated such computers do not deal directly they are
not dealing directly with the numbers if I have this
I have a number with 20 we will not deal directly with
voltage with less voltage with less current with less
current digital computers are those that operate with
information information numerical or otherwise represented
digital form such computer process
data into digital values directly digital value in
operating system in 0s and 1s directly you can store your
data in 0s and 1s rather than current or voltage they give
the result with more accuracy
which one will give the correct result? my data will be
correct from digital one and my data will be correct from
analog which one will you prefer? you will prefer digital
one this is how we can understand things hybrid computers
incorporate the measuring
features of an analog computer and counting feature of an
analog computer for computational purposes these computers
use analog components and for storage digital memories are
used for computational purposes and for storage digital
memories are used now
lets see what is written in analog what is written in
digital and what is written in hybrid lets see what is
written in analog an analog computer how to spell it? is a
form of computer that uses continuous physical phenomena
means it will measure on electrical,
mechanical or hydraulic quantities to solve the problem
what will digital computer do? it will represent and solve
the problem a computer that performs calculations and
logical operations with quantity represented as digits
either 0 or 1 either 0 or 1
in the binary number system binary means either 0 or 1
means it will be represented in the binary number system
how will it be represented? in the binary number system now
lets see what is written in hybrid what is written in
analog continuous physical
phenomena in the binary number system means in the form of
0's and 1's a combination of computers those are capable of
inputting and outputting in both digital and analog signals
when it is hybrid it can output and input in both ways
that's why we called
it hybrid computers a hybrid computer system setup offers
cost effective method of performing complex simulations
means if you want to do cost effective things then take
hybrid computers digital part will store data in memory
analog part will perform
calculations now lets see on the basis of size we have
categorized computers we called it super computer super
computer means IBM super computer, mainframe computer
minicomputer lets see we categorized like this this is
microcomputers and personal computers,
it is also categorized further that desktop computer,
laptop computer, palmtop computer, in these categories we
have divided it, now let's see what our things are,
supercomputer on the basis of size, let's see how a
supercomputer looks like, so we went
here, we wrote here supercomputer, we wrote this, we
underpass it, oh, these are so big, I mean, are they of the
first generation, no, they are not of the first generation,
they are fast, that's why their size is big, like here
IBM's supercomputer is
there, so something will come so much now, like the first
generation of supercomputer is running, after that,
something will be reduced with them, the second generation
will come, it will be reduced, see like this, this is a
supercomputer kept in the
Indian Educational
Institute of Research, okay, so you can understand this,
what is a supercomputer, understood, so let's go, now we
have seen the supercomputer, that it is quite big in size,
is it of the first generation, no, it is not of the first
generation, as it used
to come before, can it be of the first generation in the
future, what is written, it is written that the fastest,
fastest means, it is not faster than this, and most
powerful type of computer, supercomputers are very
expensive, it is not for the common
people, like it was in the first generation, which used to
be difficult, it was not for the common people, what is
this, it is not for the common people, whatever your
organizations are, they can afford it, they are using it
and making it, and are employed for specialized
applications, that requires immense amount of mathematical
calculation, now why are they being made, just tell me,
they are being made because you have to do some
mathematical calculation, it takes you two
months to do it, so what will it do, it will do it in one
day, does such a calculation exist, exactly such a
calculation exists, for example, weather forecasting
requires a supercomputer, what you have to do, weather
forecasting, so what will you think,
you will keep a supercomputer, ok, in weather forecasting,
other uses of supercomputers include animated graphic, if
you have seen animated graphic movie, look inside it, look
at the design, it is still easy to design an animation, but
to animate the
whole world, it is such a difficult task, so what did you
say, include animated graphics, what does it do, we can put
inside it, if we are doing anything related to animated
graphics, then we will say that we are doing it through a
supercomputer, if you
have to do fluid dynamic calculation, then what will you
have to do through a supercomputer, for nuclear energy
research, what do we need, we need a supercomputer, for
petroleum exploration, what do we need, we need a
supercomputer, so these are some
applications, use cases, if someone asks you, tell me, you
know about the supercomputer, that we can use it for
calculations, but what exactly can be the application in
calculations, so what will I say, that for animated
graphics, what will you do, you
can use it, along with this, what can you do, nuclear
energy research has to be done, now who uses it, understand
and see, whose portion is this, nuclear energy research is
done by the government, no private company can do it, so
there we understand that
either there is a very big organization in the field of
research, they will be using it, or there is such a
government, which is our government, which is in the
nuclear field, or they want to do petroleum exploration, so
what will they do in that case,
they will use supercomputers, let's see what is written
ahead, the chief difference, means the main difference
between a supercomputer and a main frame, is that a
supercomputer channels all its power, everything depends on
your power, that is, inside
it, inside the supercomputer, power will be required to
execute a few programs as fast as possible, that is, more
power will be required, your supercomputer will be, whereas
the main frame uses its power to execute many programs
concurrently, but what
will it do, all the power of its power,
Super computer is at the top and in hierarchy where is your
watch? it is at the bottom in hierarchy in hierarchy how?
like this there is a hierarchy which is at the top? at the
top we will see super computer after this we will see
mainframe computer ok
after mainframe computer we will see micro computer or mini
computer which you use in your desktop ok we will see mini
computer ok ok mainframes are just below super computer
below super computer there are mainframe computers in
hierarchy because just
below super computer in some ways mainframes are more
powerful than super computer in some ways not always
because they support more simultaneous program more
programs you have two hands you put both hands in one work
or both hands in two work if you
put both hands in one work then that work is completed but
second work then you put both hands but you put both hands
in two different work so that your work will be done faster
same thing is written here but super computers can execute
a single program
faster than mainframe if you want to do one work faster
then I will not choose mainframe
I will say super computer because it uses all the power to
execute a single task so I understood that mainframe
computer can execute in some ways but if it is a specific
task then it cannot execute this thing I understood let's
talk about mini computers
what is the meaning of mini computers do you understand the
meaning of mini you can understand from the name that there
will be small computers in size that's why we said mini
computers they are mid-sized that means their size will be
smaller than super
computers and mid-sized computers in size and power mini
computers lie between workstation and mainframes now you
will try to understand what is mainframes and workstation
let's go we put mainframes mainframe computer we put it
here we saw how mainframe
computer looks mainframe computer looks like this their
size is also big now let's see workstation how workstation
looks we went to workstation and we saw workstation
computer we saw that workstation looks like this with whom
the cabinet is installed
we call it workstation computer now let's see what are the
things written in it now see where is this it lies between
workstation and mainframe in the past decade which 10 years
have passed the distinction between large mini computers
and small mainframes
has blurred the difference between them has reduced however
as has the distinction between small mini computers and
workstation like the distinction between small mini
computers and workstation but in general a mini computer is
a multiprocessing system
it is a multiprocessing system it can do multiple processes
at a time capable of supporting from 4 to about 200 users
simultaneously it can handle from 4 to 200 users at a time
but your mainframe computer or your super computer leave
the super computer
as it does only one task mainframe computer does
simultaneously but it was able to handle so many users it
is able to handle from 4 to 200 users micro computer or
personal computer like you have heard that my home PC my
home micro computer how can you
call it desktop computer laptop computer or palmtop
computer digital diary, notebook, pds desktop computer or
personal or micro mini computer sufficient to fit on a desk
if it can fit on a desk it has the same size let's see
desktop computer desktop computer
you can put it on a desk desktop computer laptop laptop
laptop laptop laptop laptop laptop laptop laptop laptop
laptop desktop desktop desktop desktop desktop desktop
desktop desktop desktop desktop desktop desktop desktop
desktop desktop desktop desktop
desktop desktop desktop desktop desktop desktop desktop
desktop desktop desktop desktop laptop laptop laptop laptop
laptop laptop laptop laptop laptop laptop laptop laptop
laptop laptop laptop laptop
laptop laptop laptop laptop laptop laptop laptop laptop
laptop laptop laptop laptop
laptop laptop laptop laptop laptop laptop laptop laptop
laptop laptop desktop desktop desktop desktop desktop
desktop desktop desktop desktop desktop desktop desktop
desktop desktop desktop desktop
desktop desktop desktop desktop desktop In this context,
workstation is just a generic term. In contrast to a server
or mainframe, workstation is just a generic term.
There are four classes of computer.
There are four classes of computer. So, if you use it for
satellite, then it will be used here.
What is the rest?
National Space Center, you can use it here.
Or else, if you get examples here, like SpaceX is using it.
So, we have understood that where our supercomputers are
used.
So, let's see what we have read today in this lecture.
Classification of Computer
Digital Computers
How is your data processed or represented?
It is done digitally.
Digital means zeros and ones.
That is, in the binary number system.
Hybrid Computer
If you want to do your work well,
If you want to do it in the cheapest way,
Then you take the hybrid one.
What will the analog part handle?
It will handle the computational thing.
It will handle the calculation thing.
The data that will be stored digitally,
It will handle the digital part.
So, hybrid computers are important in themselves.
What is next?
On the basis of size
What is on the basis of size?
We said that what happened to the biggest one?
It became a supercomputer.
What happened to the smaller one?
It became a mainframe computer.
What happened to the smaller one?
It became a minicomputer.
What do supercomputers do?
They put all their power into one task.
What do mainframe computers do?
They put all their power into different tasks.
So, this is the speed.
It is a little less than a supercomputer.
But the rest is very fast according to the mini and micro.
Mini computer size is understood.
There are multi-processing systems.
You can do different things.
They are called workstations or mainframes.
What are the examples of this?
Desktop computer
Which you get to see.
You get to see laptop computers.
You get to see Palmtop, etc.
So, what happened to this microcomputer?
These are the examples.
We also saw this hierarchy.
We also saw that your workstation.
What does workstation mean?
There is a network like this in the workstation.
Then we saw that what are the classes of the computer?
Some are called microcomputers.
Some are called minicomputers.
Some are called mainframe computers.
Some are called supercomputers.
So, what are microcomputers called?
Here we found out that the fourth-generation PCI, the
workstation, etc.
are called micro.
We found out that 40,000 users can handle it at once.
Then we found out that there are mainframe computers.
On this, major suppliers like IBM supply it.
Not everyone can buy it.
We found out about supercomputers.
All the powers are applied.
That is, the giants in their field use the same
supercomputers.
Like IBM.
You can read about supercomputers very soon.
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